In the present study the effects of preweaning cement vapor inhalation on exploratory behavior and cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation were assessed Sprague Dawley albino rats were daily exposed to glue vapors between postnatal d 2 and 21 At postnatal d 22 all animals were submitted to the open field test in order to evaluate their exploratory behavior Then they were sacrificed their brains dissected out and cerebella stained according to the Golgi Cox Sholl procedure Purkinje cells sampled from parasagittal sec tions of the cerebellar vermis were drawn under camera lucida and their dendritic domain was determined The collected data indicate that glue solvent inhalation impairs both Purkinje celldifferentiation and locomotor exploratory behavior