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Spatial and Temporal Variation in Physical Habitat Conditions of Low-Gradient Reaches of Rocky Mountain Streams during Fall and Winter

 

作者: WayneA. Hubert,   CindyA. Pru,   ThomasA. Wesche,  

 

期刊: Journal of Freshwater Ecology  (Taylor Available online 2000)
卷期: Volume 15, issue 2  

页码: 219-228

 

ISSN:0270-5060

 

年代: 2000

 

DOI:10.1080/02705060.2000.9663739

 

出版商: Taylor & Francis Group

 

数据来源: Taylor

 

摘要:

Physical habitat features of low-gradient (channel slope < 2 %) stream reaches during fall and winter varied with elevation and drainage area as well as between years in the Medicine Bow Mountains, southern Wyoming. The extent of snow cover increased and surface ice decreased during winter with increasing elevation and declining drainage area. At high-elevation (> 3,200 m above mean sea level), the streams were small and entirely bridged by snow and had no surface ice, and flows were a small proportion of the average annual flow (QAA). Moderate-sized, middle-elevation (2,444 −3,149 m) streams were not bridged by snow and had patches of surface ice and snow as well as open water on pools and riffles, and flows were an intermediate proportion of QAA. Larger streams at the foot of the mountains (2,242–2,374 m) had no snow cover, pools were entirely covered by surface ice, and flows were a relatively high proportion of QAA. Variation in discharge and physical habitat features occurred between the two years, especially at middle and low elevations.

 

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