The three-dimensional relationship between the epithelial cell layer and the underlying connective tissue core (CTC) of the foliate papilla of the rabbit tongue was studied by scanning electron microscopy after removal of the epithelial cell layer. The foliate papillae were fixed in Karnovsky’s fixative, and the epithelial cell layers were exposed to long-term hydrochloric acid treatment (3.5 N HCl for 2-3 weeks at room temperature). The foliate papillae consisted of ridges and grooves located on the posterolateral margin of the tongue. They appeared as linear projections or ridges of lingual mucosa roughly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tongue. These projections or ridges were parallel to one another and separated by grooves. After removal of the epithelium, two kinds of CTC folds appeared: one was the septal fold of CTC which runs in the central portion under each linear projection or ridge, and the other consisted of two sheets of groove side folds of CTC which run along both sides of the former and face the groove side epithelium. It was revealed that there are two sheets of septal epithelial processes, and each of them fits in between each septal fold and groove side fold of CTC. Numerous taste buds were located in the groove side epithelia, and their pores faced the surface of the groove. On the hollow surfaces that appeared on the surface of the groove side fold of CTC after removal of the epithelial cells with taste buds, nerve-terminal-like structures were encountered. Some openings of the ducts of small lingual glands were arranged linearly on the underside of the basal portion of each groove side epitheliu