We investigated the effect of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on the relationship between renal perfusion pressure (RPP) and steady-state plasma renin activity (PRA) in uninephrectomized conscious dogs on normal-salt (80 meq Na+/day) and low-salt (10 meq Na+/day) diets. Stimulus-response curves for the renal baroreceptor were determined by measuring the steady-state PRA while the RPP was lowered and then held constant by an inflatable cuff placed around the renal artery. On each diet the control stimulus-response curve can be described by two lines intersecting at a threshold pressure; in the higher pressure range PRA is relatively insensitive to changes in RPP, while in the lower pressure range PRA is very responsive to changes in RPP. On the normal-salt diet CEI significantly increases the sensitivity of PRA to RPP in the responsive range without affecting the threshold pressure itself or the values of PRA at pressures greater than the threshold pressure. On the low-salt diet CEI also increases the sensitivity of PRA to RPP significantly in the responsive range; we were unable to determine the effect of CEI on PRA at RPPs greater than the threshold pressure in the low-salt state because CEI causes a significant drop in blood pressure under these circumstances. The effect of CEI was significantly greater in the dogs on the low-salt diet than in the dogs on the normal-salt diet. Thus, CEI and salt depletion interact synergistically to increase the sensitivity of the renal baroreceptor only in the responsive range of the stimulus-response curve, i.e., at renal perfusion pressures below the threshold pressure. (Circulation Research 1987;61:670-677)