Empirical analysis of overheads in cluster environments
作者:
Brian K. Schmidt,
Vaidy S. Sunderam,
期刊:
Concurrency: Practice and Experience
(WILEY Available online 1994)
卷期:
Volume 6,
issue 1
页码: 1-32
ISSN:1040-3108
年代: 1994
DOI:10.1002/cpe.4330060102
出版商: John Wiley&Sons, Ltd
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
AbstractIn concurrent computing environments based on heterogeneous processing elements interconnected by general‐purpose networks, several classes of overheads contribute to lowered performance. The most obvious limitations are network throughput and latency, but certain other factors also play a significant role. In an attempt to gain some insight into the nature of these overheads, and to propose strategies to alleviate them, empirical measurements of native communication performance as well as application execution performance were conducted, using the PVM network computing system. These experiments and our analyses have identified load imbalance, the parallelism model adopted, communication delay and throughput, and within‐host overheads as the primary factors affecting performance in cluster environments. Interestingly, we find that agenda parallelism and load balancing strategies contribute significantly more to better performance than improved communications or system tuning. Drawing general conclusions on how these inefficiencies may be overcome is inadvisable because of the tremendous variability of many parameters in general purpose network environments; we therefore propose several potential approaches, including model selection criteria, partitioning strategies, and software system heuristics, to reduce overheads and enhance performance in network based environme
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