Branhamella catarrhalis, a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract, has been identified recently as a cause of lower airway infection. In this report we present a case ofB. catarrhalispneumonia and bacteremia in a child with smoke inhalation as the first description of invasive disease involving this organism in a traumatized airway. In addition, other pediatric cases ofB. catarrhalisbacteremia are reviewed, suggesting immunocompromise as a risk factor.