Purpose. To characterize the effects of medium Ca2+levels on rabbit lens electrical properties. Early studies with wholly submerged lenses had shown that Ca2+removal from the bath resulted in an increased Rb+efflux, a consequence of an increased Na+permeability and lens depolarization.Methods. Lenses were bathed within Ussing-type chambers under short-circuited conditions, an arrangement in which the translens short-circuit current (lsc) is carried across the posterior lens surface mainly by an influx of Na+, and across the anterior face largely by a K+efflux.Results. Under the present conditions in which the effects of Ca2+were characterized unilaterally, the above established effects could only be ascribed to the posterior surface. When Ca2+removal was limited to the anterior face, the Iscincreased from 11.87±1.17 to 17.04±1.52μA/cm2(means±SE's, n = 18; an accompanying translens resistance (Rt) decrease of 0.23±0.049 KOM-cm2was also recorded). Conversely, increasing the control, anterior-bath [Ca2+] from 1.8 to 3.6 mM reduced the K+efflux-dependent Iscfrom 10.54±1.09 to 8.93±1.02 (n = 10, with an Rtincrease of 0.11±0.013). These changes were reversible, Na+-independent, and fully inhibited by the presence of K+channel blockers (quinidine or Ba2+). Inhibitions of the Ca2+effects were also obtained with strontium, a Ca2+surrogate. The Iscwas less responsive to changes in the Ca2+content of the posterior bath. Removal of the cation caused a gradual 1.65±0.72μA/cm2increase (n = 9, with an Rtdecrease of 0.090±0.021 KOM-cm2). In the absence of posterior Na+, Ca2+withdrawal resulted in highly variable responses, with some specimens exhibiting salient current increases, suggesting that an outwardly directed, posterior efflux of an anion could also have been affected. During the course of this study it was consistently observed that the removal of Na+from the anterior bath led to an Iscdecrease of 2.62±0.22μA/cm2(n = 32, with an Rtincrease of 0.35±0.029 KOM-cm2). This change occurred in both the presence of ouabain and the absence of Ca2+, suggesting that it did not result from an inhibition of the Na+-K+pump current nor from a reversal in putative Na+/Ca2+exchange activity. Small Iscincreases upon anterior Na+withdrawal (1.68±0.17, n = 7), consistent with Na+efflux from the lens, could only be observed with K+channels inhibited with Ba2+. Also congruent with the observations of a relatively limited anterior Na+permeability, was the finding that the induction of nonspecific cation channels with amphotericin B reduced the Iscby allowing Na+from the anterior bath to enter the lens. Thus, changes in lens Isc: can differentiate changes in K+permeability across the native anterior epithelium from changes in Na+permeability.Conclusions. Overall, these results suggest that lens Ca2+-mobilizing agents (e.g. acetylcholine) could trigger the inhibition of epithelial K+conductance(s) by the direct action of Ca2+on K+channels.