The paper discusses the various factors which affect the resistance of earth electrodes and contains a summary of the different types of electrodes in common use for obtaining an earth connection. Special reference is made to the use of deep-driven rods and the results obtained by the author using these electrodes in various parts of the country.A short description is given of existing earthing practice on high-voltage apparatus, while the methods available for providing efficient protection on low-voltage apparatus are discussed in detail.The concluding Sections deal with the need for periodic testing of existing installations and the methods to be employed in carrying out such tests, with a final plea to those in authority to give a lead in a more rational approach to this most important subject.