The Toxicity of Diquat, Endothall, and Fluridone to the Early Life Stages of Fish
作者:
EricA. Paul,
HowardA. Simonin,
John Symula,
RobertW. Bauer,
期刊:
Journal of Freshwater Ecology
(Taylor Available online 1994)
卷期:
Volume 9,
issue 3
页码: 229-239
ISSN:0270-5060
年代: 1994
DOI:10.1080/02705060.1994.9664890
出版商: Taylor & Francis Group
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
While most aquatic herbicides have undergone some toxicity testing for effects on non-target aquatic organisms, little of this testing has been conducted on early life stages of gamefish found in lakes undergoing treatment. Commercial formulations of diquat, endothall, and fluridone were selected for acute toxicity testing using very early life stages of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). In addition, the rates of diquat photodegradation and uptake by sediment were determined. These results were used to predict diquat concentrations in lakes of various depths. The results of the toxicity tests were compared to the predicted concentrations. Diquat, with 96-h LCSOs of 0.74–4.9 mg/L, was more toxic to these early life stages than endothall or fluridone, with 96-h LC50s of 16–130 mg/L and 1.8–13 mg/L respectively. The LC50s for endothall and fluridone were at least one order of magnitude greater than the labeled application concentrations. As the LC50s for diquat were very close to the predicted concentration, the safety margin for the use of diquat appears to be very small.
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