The distribution of cytokeratins Nos. 19 (CK 19), 14, 16 and 17 (CK2‐27), and 8 and 18 (CK 60–61) in 96 oral mucosal biopsies taken from women with genital HPV infections were studied by immunohistochemistry, using polyclonal antibody CK 19, as well as monoclonal antibodies CK 2–27 and CK 60–61. White staining of the buccal mucosa after acetic acid application, which recently was shown to be affected mostly by smoking and age, could not be explained by differences in cytokeratin pattern. In HPV DNA‐positive biopsies, the staining with CK 19 antibody in the basal cell layer was more intense than in HPV DNA‐negative biopsies. The staining with CK 2–27 antibody was seen in 76% and 91% of the basal and superficial layers, respectively, even though these low molecular weight cytokeratins should be found mainly from the basal and parabasal cells. CK 60–61 staining was almost similar to that seen recently in normal genital mucosa. When trying to distinguish oral HPV infections from normal mucosa, CK 2–27 and CK 60–61 stainings were of no diagnostic value. The more efficient expression of CK 19 in HPV DNA‐positive samples suggests that viral infection might accelerate the production of low molecular weight cytoskeletal protein. This could be interpreted as evidence that HPV might disturb the keratinocyte differentiation in the basal cells. As a result of the present study, CK 19 staining in oral mucosa needs to be further studied in regard to viral infections, because it may help to better understand the interaction between a