TMC 125, a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) demonstrated potent anti-HIV activity in two studies presented at the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections [Seattle, US; February 2002]. In the first study, TMC 125 demonstrated significant antiviral activity in patients with NNRTI-resistant HIV infection who were failing their current NNRTI-containing regimen.1In the second study, involving treatment-naive patients, monotherapy with TMC 125 resulted in reductions in viral load that were comparable to those achieved with a 5-drug combination in a previous study involving similar patients.2