1)Investigations of the morphology of the somatic chromosomes inSolanum, melongenaL., varietiespurple long, white bunchy, white round, purple oval, green oval, Ram Nagar giant, All the year round, insanumand two intervarietial crosses show 24 chromosomes with median and submedian primary constrictions. Two medianly constricted chromosomes are satellited.2)The varieties have been classified into four groups based on the number of medianly and submedianly constricted chromosomes.3)The process of evolution inS. melongenaL. has been discussed. It has been suggested that the chromosomes morphology of all theS. melongenaL. varieties will lie withim two extreme groups I and IV with reciprocal number of median and submedian chromosomes.4)The observations of maximum of 2 and 6 nucleoli in these varieties have been taken advantage of in suggesting these varieties as two and six nucleolar ones respectively. It has been shown that intermediary number are the result of fusion to give rise to two nucleoli which ultimately give rise to one.5)Acentric fragment has been observed in a culture Ins./Smld/l. The role of fragmentation in the speciation has been discussed.6)Some cells showing somatic pairing have been observed inS. melongenavar.purple long.