Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a condition characterized by unrelenting pain, swelling, discoloration, temperature, and physical changes in the affected body part that are life-altering for the patient and the family. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to minimize the progressive disability from this disorder that results in limb pain, physical changes, and deformity. This article considers the current understanding of RSDS in terms of historical perspective, clinical features, pathophysiologic theories, diagnostic evaluation, treatment options, and nursing care.