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XX.—Analysis of the ashes of the Spanish potato (convolvulus batatas), and of the eddoes (arum esculentumlinn. Colocasia esculenta,Schott)

 

作者: Thornton J. Herapath,  

 

期刊: Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London  (RSC Available online 1851)
卷期: Volume 3, issue 3  

页码: 193-199

 

ISSN:1743-6893

 

年代: 1851

 

DOI:10.1039/QJ8510300193

 

出版商: RSC

 

数据来源: RSC

 

摘要:

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY June 3 1850. THOMAS GBAHARf EsQ.,Yap.,in the Chair. Dr. D. S. Price was elected a Fellow of the Society. The following presents were announced ‘‘The Pharmaceutical Journal for June :” from the Editor. Journal of the Franklin Institute for March and April :” from the Institute. “Watson’s Chemical Essays :” from Nr. Medlock. The following papers were read XX.-Analysis of the Ashes of the Spanish Potato ~~onvo~v~l~~ Batatas) and of the Eddoes (Arzcm esculenturn Linn. Colocnsia esculenta Schott,) BY THORNTON F.C.S. J. HERAPATH The Spanish or sweet potato and eddoes although of little or no importance to the English agriculturist are conimonly cultivated for their roots in most if not in all tropical climates both in the eastern and western hemispheres.The tubers of these plants in fact are employed in large quantities in all the West Indian Islands as food for man and animals and are looked upon in those countries as is the potato in our own being at the same time nutritious and pleasant to the $taste Only the roots of the former the batata however I am informed can be made use of by Europeans those of the latter particularly when fresh being extremely acrid although not so much so as to render them unpalatable to the negroes with whom they are a common article of food. This acrimony would appear to be caused by the presence of some volatile body as the VOL. 111,-NO xr. 0 MR. HERAPATH ON THE ASHES vegetable is said to become sweet and well-tasted after boiling or when roasted in hot ashes Proximate analyses of these plants have been already performed by other chemists,* but no attempt as fm as I am aware has ever beell made to determine the nature of their inorganic constituents.It was therefore with the wish of supplying this desideratuln that I undertook the present examination as I thought my results might possibly be of service to some of those of my fellow-countrymen who are connected with the interests of our West Indian colonies. For the specimens which I have operated upon I am indebtcd to the kindness of my friends Charles Thornton Coathupe Esq. of wraxall and W. H. Richards Esq. of Barbadoes to both of whom I must acknowledge my obligations.The modus operand; employed in the preparation and analysis of these ashes has been already fully explained in some of my former papers which have been communicated to the Society. I.-SPANISH POTATO OR BATATA. 749.54 grs. of the fresh roots cut into thin slices gave 249.34 grs. of dried vegetable matter and furnished upon incineration 11.996 grs. of ash. Subsequent analysis however proved that this ash contained 0.690 grs. of charcoal and sand; consequently the true inorganic coastitueiits amounted to 11.306 grs. in weight = 1.50849 per cent numbers which correspond to Water and other volatile matters . 66.7340 Vegetable matter . . 31.7575 Inorganic constituents . . 15085 100~000 The proportion per cent of ash from the dried plant therefore amounted to 4,5347.The 11.996 grs. of ash obtained as above xere found up011 analysis to be composed of Substances soluble in water (A) * 7.883 , insoluble , (B) 4*113 The solution A when treated with re-agents gave 8 Carbonic acid . . 0*9800 SuIphate of baryta . . 2*37OO=SO 0.8030 * 0.Henry J. Pham. [3] XI 233. OF THE BATATA AND THE EDDOES. Phosphate of baryta (3 BaO. PO,) 0*45OO=PO 0.1058 Chloride of silver . . 5°7600=C1 1°4400 Mixed chlorides of potassium and sodium . . 8.0770 Potassio-chloride of platinum. 22*056= KCI 6.7897= KO 4.2786 Chloride of sodium (by loss) f*2873=NaO 0.6868 Quantities which are equivalent to Carbonate of potash . 3.118 = 27.5763 p. c of ash.Sulphate of potash . . 1.766 = 15.6243 , , Phosphate of potash (3 KO. PO,) ' . . 0.302 = 2.6771 , , Chloride of potassium . 1.407 = 12.4465 , , Chloride of sodium . . 1.287 = 11.3904 ,, -79380 = 69.7146 The substances insoluble in water (B) furnished Carbonic acid 8 0.7040 Sulphate of baryta . traces SO . traces Earthy phosphates &c. 1.626 . 0.1988 Perphosphate of iron . 0'346= {g:O . 0.1472 Phosphate of alumina # traces Pyrophosphate of magnesia. 1*335= PO . 0*8009 Carbonate of lime . 2*449= CaO . 1.3719 Pyrophosphate of magnesia. 0*404= MgO 0.1613 Silica . . . . * . . 0*2400 8 Charcoal sand &c. . 0.6870 They were consequently composed of Carbonate of lime . 1.334 = 11,7970 p.C. of ash. Carbonate of magnesia. 0.224 = 1.9828 >) , Sulphate of lime. . traces = traces ,) Perphosphate of iron 0.346 = 3.0595 , )) Phosphate of alumina . traces = traces , , Phosphate of lime (3CaO. PO,) . . 1.160 = 10.2590 , , Phosphate of magnesia. 0.120 = 1.0613 ) ,J (. Silica . . Q240 =1 2.1258 yJ Charcoal sand,and IQSS 0.689 = deducted - 4.1113 = 30.2854 02 MR. HERAPATH ON THE ASHES The percentage-composition of the ash of this plant after deduc- tion of the charcoal sand and carbonic acid may be expressed as follows SOLUBLE SALTS co . . 8.6671 After deducting the CO,. so . . . 7.1018 8.3448 PO . . 0.9357 1.0324 KO . . . 29.3490 34.4848 NaO * . -0-KC1 . . . 12.4465 145070 NaCl .. . 11.3904 13.3848 INSOLUBLE SALTS co * . 6-2289 PO so 0 . . 7.0720 . traces traces 8.3769 CaO . . . 11.9545 14.25 43 MgO Fe 0 . . . . . 1.4265 1.3018 1.6761 1.5297 M,O . . traces traces SiO . . 2.1258 2.4092 100*0000 100~0000 11,-EDDOESOR EDDOW. 74918 grs. of the fresh root when dried and incineratcd fur- nished 12.729 grs. of ash which was afterwards found to contain 0.39 grs of carbon and sand; consequently the true weight of ash was equal to 12.339 grs. = 1.6470 per cent. These 12.729 grs. of ash when treated with hot water were resolved into Substances soluble in water (A) . . . . 7.854 , insoluble , (B) . . . 4875 The aqueous solution (A) when treated in the usual manner afforded of Carbonic acid .. . 1.2820 Sulphate of baryta. 1-18?'= SO . . . . 04025 Phosphate of baryta (3Ba0.P05) . 2*147== PO . . 05090 Chloride of silver 2.070 = C1 . 0,5175 a Mixed chlorides of potas-sium and sodium 8.460 OF TEIE BATATA AND THE EDDOES. 197 Potassio-chloride of platinum 23.376 = RC1= 7.597 = KO 4.7981 Chloride of sodium (by loss) . . 0,863 = NaO 0.4603 Quantities of which are equivalent to Carbonate of potash . . . . 4,0791 = 33.0532p. c. of ash. Sulphate of potash . . . 0.8855 = 7.1'752 , , Phosphate of potash (tribasic) 2.0270 = 26.4249 , , Chloride of sodium . . . . 0.8630 = 6.9929 , , The substances insoluble in water (B) gave upon analysis Carbonic acid . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4430 Sulphate of baryta .0.399 = SO . . 0.1353 Earthy phosphates &c. 2.616 PO . . . 0.1089 Perphosphate of iron . 0.230 . (Fe o . o.1211 I Phosphate of alumina . traces Pyrophosphateofmagnesia 1.837 Carbonate of lime . . 3.467 Pyrophosphateof magnesia traces Silica . . . . . 0.633 Charcoal and sand . . 0.390 They were therefore composed of Carbonate of lime . . . . Carbonate of magnesia . . Sulphate of lime . . . Perphosphate of iron . Phosphate of alumina . Phosphate of lime (tribasic) Phosphate of magnesia . . Silica . . . . . * Charcoal and sand * . . = PO . . . 1.1023 = CaO . . . 1,9421 == MgO . traces 1*0070= traces = 0.2300 = 0.2300 = traces = 2.3860 = traces = 0.6320 == 0.3900 = 8.1590 p.c. of ash. traces ,) 19 3.8637 , ,? 1*8637 , $3 traces. 18.2223 , J traces. 5.2451 , deducted > L 4.8750 35.3538 After deducting the carbon and sand and carbonic acid the com- position of the ash of the eddoes may therefore be stated as follows SOLUBLE SALTS CO . . . . . SO . . PO . . . . KO . . . . . NaO . . . . . KCl . . . . . NaC1. . . . . 10.3921 . After deducting CO 3.2614 . . . 4.0920 . . . . 38*8790 . . . L_ .... I .... 6.9929 . . . -63,6174 3.7879 4*7526 45.1440' c_ c 8*1218 53.8063 MR HERAPATH ON THE ASHES 198 Soluble salts . . 63*6174 + b 53.8063 INSOLUBLE SALTS 3.5086 -0 m...co . . so3 b 1.0963 . . . 1.2732 .me.. PO *...* 9.8144 . . . . 11.3990 15.7369 . . . . 18.2774 CaO . . . traces . . traces MgO. . 0.9813 . . . . 1.1397 Pe,03 . traces . . . traces A&O * . . SiO . . . . . 5.2451 . . . . 6.1044 * 100*0000 1oo*oooo Now if we compare the results of the two analyses just recorded with those of my former examination of potato-ashes,* we shall observe a very close resemblance between them; in fact the ashes of all these three plants evidently belong to the same class namely to that in which the alkaline carbonates predominate. Reasoning from this circumstance alone then we should be led to expect that the same species of soil would be suitable for the cultivation both of the potato eddoes and batata; and such I am informed is the fact.The ashes of the potato however we shall find contain a much larger proportion of alkalis and phosphoric acid than either of the others; and we should hence at first be induced to believe that the former plant would prove a more exhausting crop than the eddoes or batata; but 8 little calculation will show us that this would be an erroneous conclusion; in fact just the opposite is the case as Will be readily seen upon consulting the following table TABLEI. Showing the amounts of the several inorganic consti- tuents removed from the soil in a ton weight of each crop Batata. Eddoes. Potato.$ ~~ -Sulphuric acid . . . 2 lbs. 6 oz. 1 lb. 13 OZ. 1 lb. 24 ox.Phosphoric acid . . 2 11; 5 1 3 74 Potash . . ' . . 9 144 14 2$ 13 9 Chloride of potassium. 4 22 --.__ Chloride of sodium 3 13% 2 2 0 1; Lime. . . . . .4 1+ 5 15 0 114 Magnesia . . . . 0 7g a little 0 15 Oxide of iron . . . 0 7 0 52 Silica . . . . . 0 11% 1 144 281bs. 15oz. 31 lbs. 59 ox. 19lbs. l4g ox. * Chem. SOC. Qu. J. 11 21. t This cdculation was made by taking the mean of the five analyses given in the paper just referred to -.-,---. OF TEE BATATA AND THE EDDOES TABLE11. Giving formule from artificial manures required by the same quantity of each vegetable :* I Batata. I Eddoes. I Potato. -Pearl-ash . 18 Ibs. 4 oz. 19 Ibs. 12902. Epsoin-salts (Mg0.'S03 4iH0) . 3 54 -Glauber-salts (NaO. SO3+ 10 €10) .4 0 5 1 Common salt . . . .i 26 2 2 Gypsum (CaO. SO3+ 2 HO) . . 4 5;5 0 13 Bone earth . . . . . 5 13% 10 10 or Burnt bones . . . . 6 lbs. 5 02. 11Ibs. 15 02. 8 Ibs. ?$oz. :I 1 Bones (half-inch) . . . 9 13+ 18 6 112 94 The relative powers of exhaustion (if 1 may be allowed to use the expression) of these three crops for the most important of the inorganic constituents-the alkalis and phosphoric acid-may therefore be represented by the following numbers Alkalis.* Phosphoric acid. Potato . 217 or 1000 55$ or 1000 Eddoes . . 2444 or about 11263 81 or about 1459 Batata . . 233 , 10732 43$ )> 779

 

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