ObjectiveTo investigate the beneficial effects of exogenous surfactant supplementation (ESS) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) in treating acute lung injury induced by wood smoke inhalation.DesignA prospective, randomized, controlled, multigroup study.SettingAn animal research laboratory at a medical center.SubjectsNewborn piglets (n = 29; 1.80 ± 0.06 kg) of either sex.InterventionsAnimals were ventilated with a tidal volume of 15 mL/kg, a rate of 30 breaths/min, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O, and an Fio2of 1.0. After the induction of acute lung injury by wood smoke inhalation, animals were randomly assigned to receive either conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) or PLV with or without ESS pretreatment. Animals were grouped as CMV, ESS-CMV, PLV, and ESS-PLV.Measurements and Main ResultsArterial blood gases, cardiovascular hemodynamics, dynamic lung compliance, and total lung injury scores were measured. After smoke inhalation, all four groups displayed similar high arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels, low Pao2(<150 mm Hg), and low dynamic lung compliance (<66% of its baseline). In the CMV group, these deleterious conditions remained during the 4-hr observation period, and severe lung injury was noted histologically. All treatment groups demonstrated a significant increase in Pao2compared with the CMV group. In addition, both the PLV and ESS-PLV groups displayed significant improvements in dynamic lung compliance and in their histologic outcomes. Nevertheless, none of the variables measured in the PLV group differed from those measured in the ESS-PLV group.ConclusionsIn a newborn piglet model of smoke inhalation injury, PLV or ESS improved oxygenation. PLV compared favorably with ESS in its greater improvements in lung compliance and lung pathology. However, the combined therapy of ESS and PLV was not clearly superior to PLV alone during the observation period.