A revision of species of the pannote Holarctic and Oriental mayfly family Neoephemeridae is presented. Three genera are recognized in a strictly phylogenetic classification.Potamanthellus[=NeoephemeropsisUlmer syn. n.] includesP. caenoides(Ulmer) comb. n.,P. amabilis(Eaton) [=N. cuaraoensisDang syn. n.],P. gangessp. n.,P. chinensis(Hsu) [=P. rarus(Tiunova and Levanidova) syn. n.],P. edmundsisp. n., and the Oligocene fossilPotamanthellus rubiensisLewis.Neoephemera[=LeucorhoenanthusLestage syn. n.] includesN. maxima(Joly),N. purpurea(Traver),N. youngiBerner,N. bicolorMcDunnough, andN. compressaBerner.Ochernovagen. n., includesO. tshernovae(Kazlauskas) comb. n. Taxa are described, illustrated and keyed. Species cladistics and biogeography are presented.