SummaryThe problem of pain and its treatment is reviewed, particularly in relation to advanced cancer and other chronic conditions in which persistent pain demands relief. The nature of pain, its assessment and treatment options are discussed briefly, as is the use of different types of analgesics to raise the patient's pain threshold. The importance of regular reassessment of the patient and his needs, and the setting of realistic analgesic treatment objectives, such as an initial target of a pain-free full night's sleep, is stressed.