This paper examines the trend in the fertility difference between the South and the remainder of the United States—a differential which has existed since colonial times. The paper begins with a consideration of the reasons why there might be a regional fertility differential. The rest of the paper examines the trend in this differential. It is found that the long-standing higher fertility of the South, relative to the rest of the country, has ceased. But this does not mean that the differential has disappeared. The South currently has lower levels of fertility than the non-South, and this is because southernerspreferfewer children than nonsoutherners.