RUNDELL, K. W. Treadmill roller ski test predicts biathlon roller ski race results of elite U.S. biathlon women.Med, Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 27, No. 12, pp. 1677–1685, 1995. This study evaluated ski-specific laboratory testing and the relationship of test parameters to biathlon race performance. Since the ski skating technique used exclusively during biathlon racing requires a large upper body contribution, treadmill roller ski test parameters may provide relevant information for ski-specific training and ski performance. Seven top U.S. female biathlon skiers performed lactate threshold and &OV0312;O2peak tests running (TR) and roller skiing (skating technique, RS) on a motor driven treadmill. In addition, a constant workload (14 km·h-1, 6% grade) roller ski test to exhaustion at race pace (ET) on a motor driven treadmill, and a short-term double pole power test (DP) were also performed. Results indicate that lactate threshold &OV0312;O2and HR were significantly lower during RS than TR, DP power (w·kg-1) was related to RS &OV0312;O2peak (r = 0.90), but not to TR parameters. ET time to exhaustion was related to gross efficiency during ET (r = −0.86), RS &OV0312;O2peak (r = 0.80) and DP HR (% peak HR, r = 0.80). These results suggest that ski-specific laboratory testing provides better insight to ski performance than treadmill run testing.