Effects of age, mated status, provision of food, and temperature on calling behavior under field conditions by females ofLambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria(Guenée) were examined. Eighty to 100% of virgin moths aged 1 to 7 d called for a mean total of 3.3 to 6.7 h during the night in bouts averaging 0.6 to>3 h; calling did not occur during the day. Marking, a behavior characterized by the rubbing of fully extruded terminal abdominal segments against the substrate, was exhibited by virgin moths for brief periods in the afternoon and for total durations averaging 25 min to 4 h at night. Old moths called longer and in fewer bouts and marked less often than young moths. Mated moths usually did not call but, like virgin moths, did exhibit erratic marking patterns early in the scotophase. The provision of goldenrod flowers had little effect on marking or calling. When temperatures were<10°C, the percentage of moths calling rose, calling bout length and total time spent calling increased, the onset time of calling shifted to earlier in the scotophase, and the amount of marking decreased.