GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, PROCEED1NGS. Issued under the supervision of the ‘‘Proceedings Committee.” PROCEEDINGS COMMITTEE. Dr. W. A. TILDEN, F.R.S., President. M. CARTEIGEE, F.C.S. F. J. M. PAGE, B.Sc. DAVID HOWAR.D, F.C.S. W.RAMSAY, Ph.D., F R.S. F, L. TEED, D.Sc.,F.C.S. CONTENTS. ___t__ PAGE MEETINGSOF COUNCIL ... ... ... ... ... 5 .CONFERENCE.. ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 EXTRAORDINARYGENERALMEETING ... ... ... G REPORTOF THE EXANINERS ... ... ... ... 9 .ELECTIURS.. ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 DEATHS ... ... .*. ... ... ... ... 16 OBITUARYNOTICES... ... ... ... ... ... 16 SUPPLEMENTTO THE REGISTER... ... ... ... 27 ALTERATIONS THE REGISTER-IN CHANGES OF SDDRESS ..-... ... ... 27 CHAEGES OF ADDRESS REQUIRED ...... 28 RESIGNATIONS ... ... ... ... ... 28 A. P. BLUNDELL, & Co.TAYLOR Printers and Stationers, 177, Upper Thames Street, London, E.C. NEETINGS OF COUNCIL. THE COUNCILelected on the 1st day of March, has held six meetings, with an average attendance of 17 at each meeting. Since the beginning of the year, there have been 16 Committee Xeetings, at which, besides routine business, irnportant matters affecting the welfare of the Institute have been fully discussed. The following letter, in reference to the use of Stills, has been received in aiiswer to a memorandum drawn up by Nr. Carteighe, Vice-President, who has had an interview with the Officials of the Excise, in accordance with the request of the Council of the Ins ti tute :-Dear Sir, Having laid before the Board of Inland Revenue your letter of 28th July, I am directed, in reply, to acquaint you for the information of the Couiicil of the Institute of Chemistry, that the Board h~e no desire to extend the obligation to take out ;E licence to Analytical Chemists using Stills, solely for purposes of distilling water.If an Analytical Chemist called upon to take out R liceiice by one of the Board’s Officers will submit his case $0 the Board, they m7ill be prepared to give it careful consideration. I am, Sir, Your ohedient Servant, (Signed), \Ir.173. IiEBERDEK, 31, CARTEIGHE,Esq. Asst. Sccrchy. CONFERENCE. A Conference was held at the rooms of the Chemical Society, Burlington House, on Monday, May 1Gth.The subject for dis-cussion, was :-(‘The present regulations with respect to the admission of Fellows and Bssociates.” Thirty-six members were present. A full official report of the proceedings was forwarded to all Members of the Institute. APPOINTMENT OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS. A letter has been addressed by the President to the President of the Local Government Hoard drawing attention to the dis- advantage which arises from the appointment of the same person to the Offices of Medical Officer of Health and Public Analyst jointly, and also pointing out tlie nature of the qualifications which should be possessed by all candidates for the office of Pnblic Analyst. Vice-president Dr. Bell and tlie Registrar hail an interview with the perinanent Secretary of the Board, and it is hoped that in future, the evidence of competency submitted by persons chosen for appointments by County Couucils and other bodies will be more strictly investigated. EXTRAORDISARY GENERAL JJEETIXG.An Extraordinary General Meeting of the Members of the Institute, was held at the roonis of the Royal Statistical Society, 9, ddelphi Terrace, Strand, on Friday, the 7th day of October, 1898, to consider the Report of the Finance and Office Com-mitt ees. 7 The President explained, that in view of the increasing business of the Office, the Council has long recognised the necessity for larger and more convenient rooms than those at present in the occupation of the Institute.The Office Committee was accordingly empowered in April last to look out for premises suitable for this purpose. The Council had, however, since the n found theinselves again face to face with the difficuity of obtaining in Jlondon the use of a laboratory, where the practical Exam- inaiions of the Institute could be held, arid they were impressed with the unsatisfactory position of the Institute so long as it was dependent upon the good will of individuals or of other institu- tions for the nieans of carrying on this most important function. They determined, therefore, that it would be advisable to obtain, if possible, a lease of premises upon which could be found, not only accommodation for the ordinary business of the office, but for all the business of the Institute.They had such premises in view, and they hoped by suitable alterations to provide a properly equipped laboratory, as well as rooms in which the Meetings of the Institute could be, held. Such a plan, however, involves an outlay of capital, and they were advised that the Charter (Section 9, page 16) requires for this purpose the approval of a General Meeting of the Members of the Institute convened with notice of the object. Hence the summoning of this Meeting, which would be asked to give to the President and Council the necessary powers. 9letter was received from the Treasurer stating the finaiicial position of the Institute. A letter from Mr. William Thomson, of Afanchester, was read by the President, in which it mas suggested that a sub-scription should be opened among the members of the Institute, to raise funds for the purpose of scquiring a site for the erection of a building, which should provide accommodation for offices and a laboratory, or as an dternatiye, that the amount might be raised by shares, bearing r2 nominal rate of interest, issued to members.Af her some discussion the following resolution n-as passed, uem. con. :--‘‘ That in view of the necessity for providing in addition to oftice accommodation, premises upon which the Examinations of the Institute can be efficiently conclucted, the Council be empowered to take steps to secure such premises, and, if necessary, to expend upon the purchase of a lease, or buildings, a sum not exceeding one fourth of the invested capital of the Institute: and that the President be authorisecl to sign the necessary docuinents.” 9 REPORT OF THE EXAMINERS PROFESSORWYNDHAM R.DUNSTAK, M.A. AND THOMAS FAIRLEY, EsQ., F.R.S.E. THE Examiners have to report that the Examination in Practical Chemistry for the Associateship was held in the Laboratory of the Finsbury Technical College, and extended over five days, commencing on Monday, July 11, at 9 a.m., and concluding on Friday, July 15th, at 4 p.m. There were 37 candidates, for whom it was jnst possible to find room in the Laboratory. Several days previous to the Exa'mination were spent in adapting and furnishing the Laboratory, which is principally employed for teaching elementary students, for the purposes of an advanced Examination in the several departments of Practical Chemistry.Every effort was made to provide the candidates with proper facilities for carrying on their experimental work, and it is believed that on the whole serious inconvenience was successfully avoided. The Examiners wish, however, to direct the attention of the Council to the large amount of additional labour and responsibility which is thrown upon them., as well as to the greater or less inconvenience inevitably experienced by the candi- dates when the Examination is held in a Laboratory which is not fully provided with the necessary appliances. On the present occasion balances, drying ovens, combustion furnaces, a.nd indeed all the important apparatus liad to be purchased or borrowed.10 It would be far more satisfactory if the Institute possessed a small, well-furnished laboratory, capable of accommodating about 20 students, in which an examination might, if necessary, be held twice a year. Five separate papers were set, one on each of the five days. The exercises given were representative of the most important operations in Practical Chemistry, viz., the use of physical instruments, and the determination of physical constants ; the preparation of pure compounds, inorganic and organic ; qualitative and quantitative analysis, inorganic and organic, and gas analysis. The following were the papers for each day :-FIRSTDAY, 9 A.M.-4 P.M.1. Standardise the thermometer given to you and calibrate it between 0" and 100". 2. Prepare a specimen of crystallised a,rsenic acid. 3. Ascertain the constituents of the solutioii [of morphine hydrochloride] and of the solid substance [potassium iodide con- taining ten per cent. of sodium chloride] supplied to you. SECOND DAY, 10 A.M.-5 P.N. Identify the given organic compound [a~eta~mide] and ascer- tain :-(I) its solubility in water at 20", (2) its melting point and boiling point,, (3) its relative density at the melting point and at loo", (4) the percentage of nitrogen it contains. THIRDDAY, 10 A.M.-4 P.M. Ascertain what elements, metallic and non-metallic, are present in the given powdered mineral [galena].Estimate, gravinietrically or volumetrically, the amount of the chief constituents. 11 FOURTHDAY, 10 A.M.-~ P.N. From the propyl alcohol given, prepare sufficient propionic aldehyde to enable you to produce about five grams of the ammonia-compound in a pure, well-crystallised state. FIFTHDAY, 10 A.K-4 P.X. 1. Make an analysis of the gas [commercial oxygen] contained in the iron cylinder. 2. Estimate the amount of carbon dioxide in the air of the laboratory . GENERALINSTRIXTION. Enter in your note book a concise record of all the experiments you make, and shorlly describe and explain the chemical methods you employ. Candidates were allowed to consult their private note-books and any works on chemistry they might bring with them to the Laboratory, whilst a copy of Watts’ ‘LDictionary of Chemistry ” was available for general reference.The work of each candidate was done under the constant supervision of the Examiners and their assistants. Separate note-books were provided for the record of each day’s work, and candidates were required to give up their note-books during the interval in the middle of the day, and again at the close of the day, a new note-book being provided for the next day’s work. Candidates were asked not, to confer wit(h each other at any period during the Examination, and every precaution was taken to prevent collusion. The Exaniiners regret to have to report that in general the work was indifferently done, not only in respect of the results actually obtained, but also in the manner in which it was carried out. The physical exercises were, as a rule, badly done.Very fern of the candidates knew how to verify the graduations on a thermoineter at 0" arid loo", arid still fewer were familiar with the method of calibration. The serious deficiency in these respects is the more Iemarliable when it is reniembered that every candidate is supposed to have attended a course of instruction in practical physics. The inorganic preparation and the quantitative analysis were fairly well done by many of the carididates. In the yualita- tive aiialysis there was a marked tendency to adhere strictly to a routine of tests, and too niacli time was therefore spent 011 these simple exercises. The organic prepnation of propionic aldehyde ws badly done in nearly every case.The usual method of proceeding was to fit up precisely the same apparatus as that clesclibed in several text-books for the preparation of the more volatile acetic aldehyde, with the result that little or none of the compound passed the condenser. The gas analysis was generally well done. The records of practical work were nsually ~7erypoor. Most of the candidates were obviously unaccustomed to write a straightforward, succinct account of their own experiments and observations. Many of them copied the account of the niethod they had used out of a text-book until they had been warned by the Examiners that the use of a test-book during their work did not entitle them to copy verbatim from it.The Examiners regret to sag that even after every allowance has been made for the several hindrances to which the candidates were subjected, and all possible lenience has been exercised in awarding marks, they do nut feel justified in recommending the sdrnissioii to thr: A4ssociateship of inore than tlie following 19 out of the 37 candidates who presented themselves :-Mr. E. C. C. HALY. Mr. T. KENDREW. ?, F. J. BL~OMER. ,, C. LEIGH, ,, A. C. CHAPX4N. Miss E. .J. LLOYD. ,, J. C. CHORLEI-. Mr. TI. H. MA". ?, F. DENT. ,) c. IT. NEW. ,, F. E. FMNCIS. ,, T. H. NORRIS. ,? 8.F. FRYER. ,, w.ORE. ,, F. J. HAMBLY, ,, N. RUDOLF. ,, E. E. JOUNSON. ,, IT.1).SAWERS. Mr. A. E. WABEINGF.The Examiners wish t,o dra~the attention of the Couiicil to the circuiiistniice that rnaiiy of tlie 1aboi.atory note-boola sent in by candidates before tlie Exainination were w'y defective, and iricluded only a small part of the ~vo~lcwliicli is schednled in the prescribed course of' training in Practical Cliemistry. The mere inspection of some of tliesc: note-books was almost suficicnt to prove the uiifitness of certain of tlie candidates. It would be il inore satisfactory plan if tliese laboratory note-books could Le inspected aiid reported on by the Exaininerd before the Xomina- tions' aud Exaniiiiatioris' Coiniiiittee decided to admit candidates to the Practical Examination, ;uid it is desirable tliat candidates slioLild clearly iuiderstarid tliat tlie note-books must contaiu at coiicise record in tlicir on711 words of cxperiiiieiits they ha~c actually perl'foniicd, aiid tlmt ~lescriptionsof iiietliods aiid pro- cesses sliould not be copied from tcxb-books.The Examiners canriot conclnde this report without acliuow-ledging their indebtedness to Professor Meldola and the authorities of the Firisbury 'I'echnical ('ollcge, as well ns to the Registrar, Mr. Robertson, for the assistance they received in tlie difficult task of arranging for, and carrying on tlie Examination. They also tliiiik it riglit to allude to the efficiency of the arrangements made by Messrs. Uaird aid ‘l’,zt,lock for the supply of ayparatns aiid 1x1aterials. WYXDHAM R. 1)UNSTtlN. THOML4SFBIRIIEY.SelJtember 2 0/h, 189% , ELECTIONS. Since the Register went to press (July), 3 Fellows and 12 Associates have been elected by the Council, and 5 Students have beell adnii t ted. Three Associates of the Institute liave been admitted to tliu Fellowship. ELECTED TO THE FELLOWSHIP. The following Gentlenien liave been admitted to the Fellow- ship of the Institute without Examination :-d’albuquerque, John Y., B.A. (Cantab.), Government Labo-ratory, Barbados, West Indies. Urick, ,4. P1i.D. (Heidelberg,) Gula Estate, Perak. The following Candidate, haviiig passed the Examination in a, satisfactory manner, has been admitted to the Fellowship :-Hamtuly, F. J., University College, Duudee. The followiiig Gentleme~i,Associates of tlie Institute, have becn admitted to the Yellowship :-Pirby, Blfred, 10, Infirinary Street, Leeds.Solin, Charles E., Hop Exchange, S.E. Williams, W. Lloyd, Yhcenix nlills, Dartford. 15 ELECTEL) TO THE ASSOCIATESKIP. 'l'hfollowing Caiididn tes having passed the Institute Exami-n;ition in a satisfactory manner, have been elected to the Associntesliip :-NAIIE. IMy, E. C. C. .. Bloomer, F. J. . . Chorley, J. C. .. Dent, F. .. . . Francis, F. E. . . Fryer, A. F. . . Johnson, E. E . .. Kendrew, T. . . Llogd, E. J. (Miss) New, C. €3. . . Norris, T. H. .. Orr, W. .. .. b?SIDEKC!E. Bank cf England, E.C. 7, Bouudaries Road, Bal-ham, B.W. University College, Gower Street, W.C. 28, Consort Terrace, Leeds Kilrnorey Park, Hoole, Chester 4,Trentham Street, Run- corn U'arreii Hill IIouse, Loughton, Essex Queenswood College, near Stockbridge, Hants 85, Trafalgar Road, Mose- ley, Birmingham 160, Bury New Road, Strangeways, Manches- ter Technical College, Fins-bury, E.C.116, Yollok Street, Glas- gow, N.B. COLLEGE. University College, W.C. Uiiiversity College, Aberyst- with. University College, W.C. Yorkshire College, Leeds. University College, Liver-pool.University College, Liver-pool.Finsbury Technical College, E.C. Royal College of Science, Dublin. Nason College, Birminghamand University College,Aberystwith. Mason College, Xirmiiigham Finsbury Technical College, E.C. Glasgow and West of Scot-land Technical College.ADMITT'EI) TO THE STUL)EN'l'YBIP. The following Gentleinen liavc been admitted to the Stizdent- ship of the Institute :-NAME. Cameron, E. S. . . Dodd, Fred H. . . Kibble, William Oakes Spencer, E. Stacy Tulip, I). A. .. RESIDENCE. 51, Penibrolie Road, Hub-lin GG, Mount l'lessant,Liverpool Xorton Villa, Buckhurst Hill Bentfield Bury, Stan-sted, Essex SurgeonsHall, Edinburgh WORKINGUNDER. Sir C. A. Cameron, F.I.C. Alfred Smetliam, F.I.C. Prof. R. Meldola, F.R.S. Prof. It. Meldola, F.R.S. Stevenson Macadam, Ph.I). DEATHS. tBernays, Professor Albert J.,Yh.l)., F.C.S., St. Thomas’s Hospital, S.E. Dittmar, Professor William, LL.D. (Edin.), F.R.S., F.R.S.E., G lasgow and West of Scotland Technical College, Glasgow, N.B.Ihper, 11. N., F.C.S., Esteiel, Temple Road, Rathniiues, Dublin. tlIeiscli, Charles, F.G.S., City Gas Examiner’s Office, ’7‘3, Mark Lane, E.C. tHills, Thomas Hydc, F.C.S., 225, Oxford Street, W. Maliins, George IIogarth, F.C.S., Ihnesfield, St. Albans. Redwood, Professor Theophilns, Ph.D., F.C.S., 2, Fisher Street, Xed Lion Square, 7V.C. Sieber, C. H., F.C.S., Croft House, Whitworth, near Rochdale. “ate, A. Norman, F.C.S., 7, 9, and 11, Hackins Hey, Liverpool. Thompson, Charles, F.C.S., 15, Putshull Road, N.W. Tidy, Professor Charles Mey moth, M.B., P.C.S., Barrister-at-Law, London IIospitaI, E. OBITUARIES. ALBERT J. BUERNAYS,Ph.D., began his professional career as a lecturer on clieruistrr and analyst in the town of Derby, aud was lecturer at St.Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, prior to his appoint- ment to the chair of Chemistry at St. Thomas’s Hospital, which he occupied for the long period of thirty-one years. He also lield some important analytical appointments, and wrote several works on Chcitiistry, zliiioug them the vcry complete yet concise “Notes 011 llnalytical Clieinistry.” 1)r. Berria,jsIiad, iii addition, been Examiner in Chemistry to the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons. IIe was an original Member of the Institute of Chemistry, and served on the Couiicil from 1885 to 1889. Iu _-_____--____-_-_~ ___ f See Proceedings, Part I., 1892. 17 private life his charming manners, old fashioned courtesy, and great philanthropy, endeared him to all who knew him ; and it can be truly said ttiat, iu addition to being an excellent chemist and an amiable teacher, he was a good man in every sense of the word.WILLIAMDITTMAR,LL.D., F.R.S., F.I.C., late Professor of Chemistry in the Glasgow and Kest of Scotland Technical College, warnsborn at Umstadt, near I)armstadt, Germany, in the year 1833, and his name forms one more item of the list of distinguished cl1emists, including Liebig, St rec ker, Kekul6, and Schorlemmer, who have contributed to make Darmstadt famous. TIio~igh at first minded to follow the pharmaceutical profession, he fortunately determined later on to enter the Laboratory of Bunsen. This was in 1857, aucl it was not long ere Bunsen discerned the great promise of his student, which ended in his offering Williani Dittmar the assistantship in his Laboratory.It Ras in this capacity that Professor Sir Henry Roscoe first made his acquaintance, and the resnlt of his impression of Dittmar’s rare powers, wits an invitation to become his private assistant in the Owens’ College, IIanchester, which Dittinar accepted. In 1861 he left Mauchester to become Dr. Lyon Playfair’s chief Laboratory Sssistant, but in 1869 returned to Germany, and during the subsequent three years acted its ‘‘ Privst-Docent ” and lecturer on Metcorology at Poppeladorff. Though offered rz chair in Cassel, he decided to return to Scotland in 1872, where he next held the post of chief Laboratory Assistant under Pro-fessor A. Crum Brown.All who really knew Dr. Dittmar, and particularly those who worked with him, learned to respect the excellence of heart, the frank and genial bearing, and the high-sonled integrity of the man, as well as his profound knowledge both as a Chemist and a Physicist. Though Chemists and Technologists in this country may not be aware of it, Dr. nittniar had a true appreciation of the claims and true bearing of applied Chemistry, and contributed for years important and lengthy articles and reports on the progress of Chemical Industry in this country and America to no less an important organ than the ‘‘ Chemische Industrie,” of Berlin, Edited by Jacobsen. But Dr. Dittmar’s fame and reputation may be truly said to have been obtained by his great and infinitely painstaking ~ork in the most refined and exact regions of Inorganic Chemistry and Physics.As the result of work of this kind may be mentioned his cominuiiications on tlie (‘Challenger ” expedition of‘ 1873-1876, his work and publica-tions on the Chemical Balance, and his text-books on Cheinical Analysis, including Gas Analysis. Professor William Dittmar was one of the original members of the Institute of Chemistry, and served as a Member of tlie Council from 1877 to 1880. CHARLESHEISCHwas born at Rlncklieath in 1820, and was the youngest son of Frederic Heisch, of’ Cox, Heisch & Co., America Square, London. He was a pupil of Richard Phillips, F.R.S., first at his laboratory at St.Thomas’ Hospital, and afterwards at the labora- tory attached to the Geological Surrey in Craig’s Court. In 18.12 be n’ns appointed Assistant Lecturer on Chemistry at St. 19 Thomas’ Hospital with nr. Leeson ; in 1848 he was elected joint, lecturer in Chemistry (with Mr. Thomas Taylor) at the MiddIesex Hospital, becoming, on the retirement of Mr. Taylor, sole lectnrer on the subject until he resigned the chair in 1875. In 1869 he was elected Superintending Gas Examiner to the Corporation of the City of London, a post which he retained till his death at Brighton on January 2nd, 1892. Heisch was one of the original Fellows of the Chemical Society, and took an active part in the foundation of the Society of Public Analysts, being a.ppointed joint Secretary with Mr. Wigner, a post which he filled until he was elected President in 1881 aiid 1882.In 1882 he was elected a member of the Council of the Institute of Chemistry, and served in this capacity until 1884. He contributed several papers to the Chemical Society, the Gas Institute and the Analyst on various matters conrected with the analysis of foods, water, gas, &c. THoBfAs RYDEHILLS, who was an original member of the Institute of Chemistry, though not an original worker in Science, indirectly contributed to its advance by tlic kindly counsel and material assistance he was eyer ready to give to professional men on the threshold of their careers, and by his custom of bringing together socially all who were interested in the progress of science.Many eminent chemists are thus indebted to him for timely aid and advice. Mr. Hills was born at Maidstone in 1815, and educated at the local Grammar School and at Goadhurst. At the age of 15, he was apprenticed at Brighton to Mr. Thorby, Chemist and Druggist. On leaving Brighton in 1837, lie went to London, and entered the well-known house of John Bell, in Oxford Street. In 1848 he Tvas made a partner, and on the death of Jacob Bell in 1859, he became sole proprietor of the business. 20 It was natural that most of Mr. Hill's public work should be in connection with the Pharmaceutical Society, established shortly after he came to London, mainly through the untiring exertions of his friend, Jacob Bell.He was elected to a seat on the Council of the Pharmaceutical Society in 1860, and remained a member of the Council till his resignation in 1881. He successively filled the offices of Vice-President (1868-1868), Treasurer (1868-18$3), and President (lS73-18'7G) of that Society. In connection with Chemistry, it may be mentioned that Mr. Hills was one of the first, in 1872, to suggest the establishment of, and to offer a yearly contribution to a Chemical Research Fund in association with the Chemical Society, of which he was a Fellow. Mr. Hills died at his house in Queen Anne Street, after a lingering illness, November 19 t h, 1891. GEORGE HOGARTHMAKINS, an original Fellow of the Institute, died on dpril 12th. Mr. Makins was born in 1815, and was educated at a private school at Beaconsfield.Early in life he evinced a taste for scientific study, and at the age of 1.5 was apprenticed to a surgeon at Uxbridge. He passed through the complete niedical curriculum, and became a Member of the College of Surgeons and a Licentiate of the Society of Apotlie-caries, pursuing his studies at Icing's College, London, and St. George's Hospital. His inclination for chemical work had been fostered by the teaching of Professor Daniel, and on obtaining his diploma he relinquished any idea of entering on Medical practice. He was shortly afterwards elected to the Chair of Chemistry at the Aldersgate School of Medicine, and then suc-ceded Professor Fomnes as Lecturer on Chemistry at the 21 Middlesex Hospital.During this period he was occupied with investigations in physical chemistry, but he gradually devoted himself especially to the study of metallurgy, particularly of the precious metals. He devised a process for the precipitation of so-called spongy gold, a preparation at one time largely used in dental practice for fillings. In 1852 he commenced practice as an assayer, and rapidly introduced numerous important changes in the methods in use up to that time. Anthracite coal was snb-stituted for charcoal as a fuel, and the muffle furnace was adapted to the change, the apparatus for “acid parting ” was modified, pure gold and silver were adopted as standards in place of the couventional ‘‘ trial plates ” previously employed, and a new and more delicate balance was devised for weighing.He was particularly adept and rapid in the latter operation, and his skill in the preparation of weights led to his being asked to prepare the standards for some of the Colonial mints. This work eminently illustrated the extreme accuracy ancl patient attention to detail which characterised all his inres tigations. Ill-health compelled him to abandon the close atmosphere of an assayer’s laboratory in 186S, and later the only professional work he retained was the delivery of an annual course of lectures on metallurgy at tlie Dental Hospital of London. These lectures, considerably amplified by him, were published as a manual of metallurgy, the book passing through tro editions.IIis interest in chemical science was, however, fully maintained. He read much, and acted on the Council of the Institute, as well as upon that of the Chemical Society, of which latter body he became a Fellow as early as 1845. His early association with the Apothe- caries’ Society of London was also renewed in later life, and he served the offices of Member of the Court of Assistants and Master, his excellent business capacity rendering his services of great value. Mr. hlakins was a man of wide general culture, but of a 22 inodest disposition. He was a good practical mechanist and an excellent musician, and the conibinatiou of these two tastes resulted in a hobby for building organs, of which instruments he produced several during his life.As a means of obtaining out- door employment on relinquishing practice, he also built several hoiises, acting as his own architect, with considerable success. His kindly iiature and thorough rectitude pained for him a large numl>er of friends, nho held him in great esteem. THEOPHILUSREDWOOD,Ph.D., was born at Boverton, Glamorganshire, on March end, 1806, anddied in the same house on Narch cith, 1892. At the age of 16 he came to London, and ms apprenticed to Messrs. John Bell & Co., with whom he spent several Fears, with the important result of forming a close asso-ciation with Jacob Bell. In 1841 the Pharmaceutical Society was founded, and in the following year Theophilus Redwood was appointed to the Chair of Pharmacy. Two years later he received the additional post of Director of the Laboratories, arid ia 184G he succeeded Foanes as Professor of Chemistry.From 1852 to 1865 he was one of the Secretaries of the Chemical Society, and during the ensuing five years he occupied the posi- tion of Treasurer to that body. During the whole period of its existence, dating froin 18-16, he was the Secretary of the Cavendish Society. In 1851 he was appointed Secretary of the Pharmacopceia Committee, and in 1865 the Medical Council entrusted him pith the duty of preparing a new edition of the “ British Pharmacopeia,” which was published during the foliox- ing year. The later editions of this work, which appeared in 1874 and 1885, were also produced under his editorship. Among Professor Redwood’s earliest contributions to pharmaceutical literature were the work known as Mohr and Redwood’s “Practical Pharmacy,” and an edition of Gray’s ‘‘ Supplement to the Pharma- copeia.” Subsequently, in association with Professor Bentley, he undertook the re-casting of Pereira’s ‘‘ Bfateria Medica.” Foi many years he was the Editor of the Plzarmacezilical Jourua7, and contributed largely to its pages.ln 1856 Professor Redwood was appointed, in conjunction with Professors Graham and Hofmann, to inyestigate the subject of the supply of spirit free from dut,y, for the information of the Board of Inland Revenue. On his resignation of the cliair which he had so long occupied, he mas appointed Emeritus Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy to the Pharmacentical Society, and the Redwood Scholarship was founded in his honour.It is worthy of note, as showing the esteem in which he ms held by those who received tuition at his hands, that in 1850 his present and former pupils presented him with a costly service of plate. The degree of P1i.D. was conferred upon him by the University of Giesseri at the request of Liebig when the latter resigned his Professorship. He was an original Member of the Institute of Chemistry, and serred on the Council from 1877 to lSSl. At the time of his death, Dr. Redwood was Public Analyst for the County of Middlesex, for the London districts of Holborn and St. Giles, and for the Borough of Luton.Professor Redwood was singularly devoid of the self-advertising spirit of the age, and comparatively few were aware of the depth of his knowledge of those subjects which he lmd pre-eminently made his on-n. He was, in all that he undertook, essentially thorough and painstaking in a high degree, and his long career was one of well-nigh incessant labour, for he allowed himself but scant periods of relaxation. To the Roundness of his pharmaceutical and chemical views and to his literary ability, his numerous contributions to the Phcwmacezcticnl Jourizal and other pitblications bear ample testimony, while the affectionate regard of his former pupils affords sufficient evidence of his success as a teacher. In debate he was an effective as well as a lucid speaker, and the attention with which his public utterances were invariably received was doubtless due to the fact that he never spoke on a subject which he had nc\t fully masbered. To his even and philosophic temperament, Professor Redwood probably owed much of the unusual vigour which characterised his declining years, for he had had his full share of the cares and troubles of this life ; doubtless, however, he mas encouraged and sustained by the reflection that his labour had not been in vain, and that he would leave behind him an iinperishible record of his successful efforts in the cause of Pharmaceutical education and progress.ALEXANDER TATE,NORMAN eldest son of the late Mr. Alderman James Tate, of Wells, Somerset, was born in that City on February 24th, 1837. He was educated under the Rev.Win. Aldrit, MA., at the Cathedral Chapter Grammar School, having a strong inclination to natural sciences and especial love for Chemistry. He spent eight years of his life, after leaving school, in the study of pharmacy, which in those dayswas almost the only means of proceeding to more strictly cheinical studies. During these years Mr. Tatc left Somersetshire, settled in Liverpool, and eventually relinquished pharmacy for analytical and research work, under the late Dr. Sheridail Mnspratt. On leaving Dr. Nuspratt he was for several years engaged as a Chemist and Nanager in the Works of Jfessrs. J. Hutchinson & Co., Widnes, arid other chemical inanufacturing firinsin Lancashire, the Isle of Man, Forth Wales, giving special atteution to alkali aiid chlorine manu-factures and oil refilling. He become an authority on petroleum in the early dap of its iiiiportntion, reading several papers 011 25 the subject before scientific societies and publishing a book entitled, " Petroleum and its Products," which was widely circulated and translated into French and German.From 1867 to the time of his death, on July 22nd of this year, he was very actively engaged in Liverpool in his practice of Analytical and Consulting Chemist, in which he justly obtained a widespread reputation, not only in England, but on the Continent and in America. In Lhe town of his adoption, however, he was not only the analyst of repute, but the populariser of science, the ardent worker as Honorary Principal, and for many years Senior Teacher, of the Liverpool Science and Art Classes, which, commencing in 1870 with a mere handful of students, developed under the fostering care of Mr.Tate and his colleagues into one of the largest and most successful science and art schools in the country, and in connection with which, a subscription list has been opened and largely subscribed to for the purpose of endo1Ting n Scholar-ship as a inemorial to the late Mr. Tate. In ISSO, at a meeting held in the Town Hall, Liverpool, Mr. Tate was presented with an address and handsome silver testimonial in recognition of his services to science. XI?. Tate was a Fellow of the Chemical Society, Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry (twice on its Council), Fellow of the Geological and Royal Xicroscopical Societies.A Vice-president of the Society of Chemical Industry, and Member of the Society of Public Analjsts. In Liverpool, Mr. Tate ms an earnest and ceaseless worker in connection with the local scientific societies. As a man, X'orman Tate nas true and lojal in every relation- ship in life, and only those who were constantly by his side can form 26 any estimate of his untiring energy, the reality of his work, the honesty of his purpose, his heroism in suffering, and above all, the infinite loving kindness and tenderness of his heart. CHARLESMEYNOTTTIDY,M.B., Barrister-at-Law. By his death the Institute lost one of its most prominent members, and one who had been associated with it from the first, and had served the Council both as an ordinary member, and as Vice-president.He was Professor of Chemistry, Medical Jurisprudence, and Public Health at the London Hospital, the official Analyst to the Home Office, and Medical Officer of Health for Islington. He wrote many works on legal medicine, and was the author, conjointly with Dr. Woodmail, of a “ Handy Book of Forensic Medicine and T~~i~ology.” He had for some time assisted in drawing up the monthly and annual reports on the quality of the water supplied to London. He graduated with the highest honours in Aberdeen University, was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and a licentiate of the Society of Apothe-caries.His position was due to no accident of birth or education, but was the result of inherent ability and indefatigable worl;.