The interaction among malnutrition, diarrhea, and infection continues to be a major area for research and therapeutic efforts. Currently the problem is under attack on three fronts: 1) prevention and treatment of malnutrition, 2) implementation of oral rehydration and rapid reintroduction of feedings, including staple foods, in the immediate postrehydration period, and 3) less successfully, prevention of infection. In some countries of the developing world, the major concern in the malnutrition-diarrhea-infection cycle is still survival. Investigators today, however, are increasingly addressing the long-term effects on the height and neurodevelopment of survivors.