A new iterative solution to the problem of sea surface scattering is obtained which has the Kirchhoff approximation as its leading term. This solution is obtained by transforming an integral equation of the first kind for the surface potential to one of the second kind, and applying the method of successive approximations. The advantages of this method are that the conditions under which this solution converges may be readily established and the solution may be iterated to sufficiently high order in the interaction to examine the rate at which it converges. A numerical example of scattering from an echelette grating is considered, and the regime of convergence established. It is found that the new iterative solution converges only for such surfaces on whichkσσ′<π wherekis the wave number of the scattered radiation and σ and σ′are, respectively, the rms surface height and slope. This finding raises doubts concerning the regime in which the Kirchhoff approximation is traditionally deemed applicable. Finally, numerical studies are presented to illustrate the convergence of the iterative solution.