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Manipulating cell fates in the sea urchin embryo

 

作者: WILLIAMH. KLEIN,   CHAI-AN MAO,   LIN GAN,   CHIN-KAI CHUANG,   ATHULAH. WIKRAMANAYAKE,  

 

期刊: Invertebrate Reproduction & Development  (Taylor Available online 1997)
卷期: Volume 31, issue 1-3  

页码: 21-29

 

ISSN:0792-4259

 

年代: 1997

 

DOI:10.1080/07924259.1997.9672559

 

出版商: Taylor & Francis Group

 

关键词: Sea urchin embryos;cell differentiation;cell-cell interactions;ectoderm differentiation;homeobox proteins

 

数据来源: Taylor

 

摘要:

This article describes the mechanisms associated with ectoderm differentiation during sea urchin embryogenesis. Using animal half explants and molecular markers for oral and aboral ectoderm cells, we present evidence that inLytechinus pictus, two signals from underlying vegetal blastomeres are required for normal ectoderm differentiation. One signal induces the expression of aboral ectoderm genes and a second restricts oral ectoderm expression to the oral side of the embryo.Strongylocentrotus purpuratusanimal halves behave somewhat differently thanLytechinus pictusin their ability to express aboral ectoderm-specific genes. In order to determine how ectoderm genes are activated in early development, we have analyzed the transcriptional control region of the aboral ectoderm-specificSpec2agene. This control region confers aboral ectoderm-specific expression onSpec2aby means of an aboral ectoderm/mesenchyme cell-specific enhancer and a mesenchyme cell repressor element. TheSpec2aenhancer contains multiple DNA-binding sites for SpOtx, a homeobox transcription factor related toDrosophilaorthodenticle and mouse Otx1 and Otx2. SpOtx is present throughout development but unexpectedly, at stages before late cleavage is found mainly in the cytoplasm. Between late cleavage and early blastula stages, SpOtx translocates into the nucleus. Overexpressing SpOtx by injecting SpOtx mRNA into living eggs results in a thin epithelial ball with essentially all cells displaying aboral ectoderm properties. We suggest a model whereby overexpression of SpOtx leads to premature nuclear translocation and conversion of all progenitor cells in the embryo to an aboral ectoderm fate. Our results imply that SpOtx plays a major role in the differentiation of aboral ectoderm cells during sea urchin development.

 

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