MOLAR VERSUS LOCAL REINFORCEMENT PROBABILITY AS DETERMINANTS OF STIMULUS VALUE
作者:
Ben A. Williams,
期刊:
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
(WILEY Available online 1993)
卷期:
Volume 59,
issue 1
页码: 163-172
ISSN:0022-5002
年代: 1993
DOI:10.1901/jeab.1993.59-163
出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
关键词: choice theory;probability of reinforcement;melioration;scalar expectancy;concurrent VI VI schedules;key peck;pigeons
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
During one component of a multiple schedule, pigeons were trained on a discrete‐trial concurrent variable‐interval variable‐interval schedule in which one alternative had a high scheduled rate of reinforcement and the other a low scheduled rate of reinforcement. When the choice proportion between the alternatives matched their respective relative reinforcement frequencies, the obtained probabilities of reinforcement (reinforcer per peck) were approximately equal. In alternate components of the multiple schedule, a single response alternative was presented with an intermediate scheduled rate of reinforcement. During probe trials, each alternative of the concurrent schedule was paired with the constant alternative. The stimulus correlated with the high reinforcement rate was preferred over that with the intermediate rate, whereas the stimulus correlated with the intermediate rate of reinforcement was preferred over that correlated with the low rate of reinforcement. Preference on probe tests was thus determined by the scheduled rate of reinforcement. Other subjects were presented all three alternatives individually, but with a distribution of trial frequency and reinforcement probability similar to that produced by the choice patterns of the original subjects. Here, preferences on probe tests were determined by the obtained probabilities of reinforcement. Comparison of the two sets of results indicates that the availability of a choice alternative, even when not responded to, affects the preference for that alternative. The results imply that models of choice that invoke only obtained probability of reinforcement as the controlling variable (e.g., melioration) are inade
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