An outbreak of caseous lymphadenitis in which three herds of goats were involved is described. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was shown to be the causative organism. The outbreak was associated with imported goats. As this first report ofC. pseudotuberculosiscausing caseous lymphadenitis as a clinical entity in small ruminants in the Netherlands, clinical and epizootiological aspects as well as possible methods of control are discussed.