Groups of five dogs were vaccinated against Babesia canis using soluble parasite (SPA) antigens from in vitro cultures. Although vaccination did not significantly alter peripheral parasitaemia upon challenge, protected animals had lower levels of SPA in the plasma after a challenge infection. The severity of anaemia correlated with the SPA‐load during the post‐challenge period in that high levels of SPA were associated with low haematocrit values. In addition, it was found that recovery was associated with the production of antibodies against SPA. The results suggest that SPA induce anaemia during B. canis infection, and that vaccination with SPA results in antibody production that can neutralize the effects of SPA after a challenge infect