Objective:To examine the neurobehavioral status of children with traumatic head injury (THI) and to identify variables that predict outcome.Design:Retrospective chart review, with follow-up 1–5 years after injury. Outcome predictor variables were identified through stepwise regression analysis.Setting:Level one trauma center and pediatric rehabilitation program.Patients:71 Children with THI, selected from a four-year series of consecutive admissions.Measure:Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales—Survey Edition.Results:Significant predictors of better neurobehavioral status at follow-up included absence of a premorbid learning problem (p< .01), older age at injury (p< .01), and normal pupillary response (p< .001) and higher cerebral perfusion pressure (p< .0001) during critical care management.Conclusions:Neurobehavioral outcome after THI is influenced by premorbid psychosocial variables as well as by critical care management.