Pruning strategies for restructuring top‐dominant central leader ‘Granny Smith’ apple trees
作者:
I. J. Warrington,
C. J. Stanley,
J. F. Julian,
D. S. Tustin,
P. M. Hirst,
W. Cashmore,
期刊:
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science
(Taylor Available online 1995)
卷期:
Volume 23,
issue 3
页码: 315-322
ISSN:0114-0671
年代: 1995
DOI:10.1080/01140671.1995.9513904
出版商: Taylor & Francis Group
关键词: fruit yield;fruit size;light transmission;Malus domestica;spur quality
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
Eighteen‐year‐old, top‐dominant central leader trees of ‘Granny Smith’ apple(Malus domesticaBorkh.) were restructured during the 1987 and 1988 dormant seasons into either palmette central leader (initially) or pyramid central leader forms. In the palmette form, pruning was restricted to the total removal of the uppermost east‐ and west‐facing fruiting scaffolds in 1987, and the shortening of all middle scaffolds and the upper north‐facing scaffold in 1988. In the pyramid form, major scaffold limbs were subjectively removed or shortened to reestablish the desired pyramid shape over the two dormant seasons. Both forms were also renewal pruned annually to totally remove pendant fruiting laterals and spur‐bearing wood over 4 years old. In addition, unmodified top‐dominant trees that were either renewal pruned or containment pruned (primarily heading cuts) were maintained for comparison with the restructuring treatments. The restructuring treatments resulted in improved light penetration to the lower and inner canopy regions, improved spur quality, and in a greater proportion (50% cf. 30%) of the fruit being borne in the lower half of the tree. Cumulative yield over the 3 years of study was not reduced in the restructured trees in comparison with the containment‐pruned top‐dominant trees and was reduced by only 20% in comparison with the renewal‐pruned top‐dominant trees. Mean fruit size in both the upper and lower tree regions was not altered by the restructuring treatments. Renewal pruning alone compared with containment pruning resulted in a total yield gain of 28% and an 8% increase of mean fruit size in the lower canopy but did not lead to a redistribution of fruit within the tree. Major upper canopy restructuring combined with annual renewal pruning, therefore, achieved the greatest gains in both yield, and fruit size along with improved fruit distribution within the tree.
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