At birth, there is a marked increase in circulating plasma catecholamine concentrations. This increase is critical to many of the physiologic adjustments to postnatal life. Because the levels observed are higher than those seen in most other physiologic conditions in adults, previous investigators have suggested that the newborn is less sensitive to adrenergic stimulation or that desensitization to adrenergic stimulation occurs rapidly. To investigate this question, we designed experiments to measure myocardial β-adrenergic receptor density and sensitivity before and after exposure to the catecholamine surge at birth in term newborn sheep. We also measured the status of sympathetic innervation, reflected by myocardial norepinephrine content. At birth, plasma catecholamines increased 4− to 6-fold with associated increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. Myocardial β-adrenergic receptor at birth (135 fmol/mg protein) did not change significantly by 6 h of life (157 fmol/mg protein). Myocardial adenyl cyclase activity, reflecting receptor sensitivity, and myocardial sympathetic innervation also did not change. These results suggest that, despite exposure to sustained adrenergic stimulation, myocardial adrenergic effector mechanisms do not change in the newborn sheep at birth.