Aspergillosis involving either the vertebral body or the intervertebral disc is a rare cause of osteomyelitis of the spine. The following is a report of five cases of Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the spine treated successfully with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine. In three patients, the diagnosis was established at closed-needle biopsy; two patients with paraplegia had an anterior decompression and fusion. The follow-up period ranged from 19 to 48 months.