The effects of the dihydropyridine nifedipine and its more lipophilic congener, barnidipine, were investigated in smooth muscle preparations from the rat in resting and depolarizing conditions. Both drugs relaxed precontracted aortic rings more potently in depolarizing conditions, barnidipine being more potent than nifedipine. Currents through Ca2+channels in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) and in isolated rat cardiomyocytes were reduced more potently by both drugs at a holding potential of −40 mV than at −80 mV. However, barnidipine and nifedipine were more effective in reducing the current in A7r5 cells than in cardiomyocytes. The IC50obtained in aortic rings and in A7r5 cells were similar for barnidipine but an order of magnitude different for nifedipine. The results show that, in depolarizing conditions, barnidipine was more effective than nifedipine. It is suggested that the higher potency of barnidipine acting in vascular smooth muscle is related to both a higher affinity to the inactivated state of vascular Ca2+channels and to a more lipophilic property as compared with nifedipine.