AbstractNineteen compounds including taxumairol R(1), taxinine M(2), taxacin(3), paclitaxel(4), 10‐deacetyltaxol A(5), 10‐deacetyl‐7‐epi‐taxol(6), 7‐epi‐taxol(7), taxol C, 10‐deacetyltaxol C, 7β‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetyltaxol(8), taxamairin A(9), taxinine A, 14β‐hydroxytaxusin(10), 5α‐hydroxy‐7β,9α,10β, 13α‐tetraacetoxy‐4(20), 11‐taxadiene, 1‐dehydroxybaccatin‐VI, 1β‐dehydroxybaccatin‐IV, baccatin IV, baccatin VI and ponasterone A have been isolated and identified from the root bark ofTaxus mairei. Among them, compound1was a new taxoid and compounds11and 7β‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetyltaxol pentaacetate were new derivatives prepared from 14β‐hydroxytaxusin(10)and8, respectively. Their structures and assignment were estab