INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY THE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. FOUNDED 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1885 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 1927. PART IV. Issued under the supervision of the Publications Committee. RICHARD B. PILCHER Registrar a n d Secretary. 30 RUSSELL SQUARE LONDON \\'.C. 1. Aiigiist 1927. Publications Commit tee 192 7-28 JOCELYN F. THORPE (Chairman) ARTHUR SMITHELLS (Presidmzt) H. C. L. BLOXAM A. J. CHAPMAN F. D. CHATTAWAY W. CLAYTON W. M. CUMMING J. C. DRUMMOND LEWIS EYNON I . M. HEILBRON H. H. HODGSON PATRICK H. KIRKALDY (Trcrrst~rev) A. W. KNAPP A. G . G. LEONARD THOMAS MACARA B. G . McLELLAN FRANK SOUTHERDEN. R. THOMAS D. F. TWISS J. A. WATSON. 193 . Proceedings of the Council.JUNE-JULY 1927. Institute Jubilee Celebrations.-H.R.H. the Prince of Wales has graciously consented to give his name as a Patron to the Jubilee Celebrations of the Institute which will be held in London from Wednesday the 14th to Friday the 16th December 1927- The Institute was originally incorporated by licence of the Board of Trade under the provisions of Section 23 of the Com- panies Act 1867 on the 2nd day of October 1877. The Council felt however that it would be inconvenient to many members and particularly to those who are engaged in teaching to hold the celebrations in October and decided there- fore to fix the dates nearer the Christmas vacation in order that every branch of the profession may be well represented. The programme of arrangements will include a Conference devoted to education and professional matters a banquet and a conversazione.Other societies and institutions concerned with chemistry will be invited to participate in the social functions. The banquet will be held at the Wharncliffe Rooms Hotel Great Central on Thursday the 15th December-Professor Arthur Smithells C.M.G. F.R.S. President in the chair. The number of tickets will necessarily be limited to 520. Early application for tickets (10s. 6d.) each) not including wine is therefore advisable. Further particulars will be published in due course. Salary Statistics.-In 1919 and again in 1920 the Council issued a circular inviting Fellows and Associates engaged in whole-time appointments to send in returns with.regard to the terms and conditions of their appointments a special question- naire being issued for the purpose. The replies received were summarised and tables were published showing the average salaries of such Fellows and Associates at various ages in different branches of work and considerable information regarding the 194 conditions of chemical appointments was subsequently published in the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS Part 1 1920 (page 3r) and Part I 1921 (page 44). A similar questionnaire is now being issued and Fellows and Associates holding whole-time appoint- ments are invited to forward returns before the 30th September. The information given by any member will be treated as con- fidential; the form need not be signed and may if desired be typewritten.In addition to salary statistics it is also considered desirable to secure more definite evidence with regard to conditions of appointment especially I. Whether the appointment is under contract for a definite period and if so with what increments in salary. 2. Whether the chemist is permitted to undertake any other employment. 3. Whether the chemist is allowed to publish any work. 4. What are the usual working hours per week. 5 . What period of annual leave is given. 6. Whether special provision is made for recognising inven- tions and improvements in processes etc. 7. What .period of notice is required to terminate the ap- pointment. 8. Whether on leaving the appointment the chemist is restricted from practice in the same branch of work and if so for how long and within what area and whether provision is made for an allowance during a period of unemployment.The information hitherto supplied has been found not only useful to chemists generally but to heads of chemical depart- ments and employers. I t is hoped therefore that all members corning within the category indicated will do their best to assist in the preparation of these statistics by forwarding their returns as soon as possible. Public Analysts and Official Agricultural Analysts.- A Sub-committee of the Public Appointments Committee has been asked to prepare for submission to the Royal Commission on Local Government a statement on the administration of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act and the Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act with special reference to the conditions of appoint- ments of public analysts and official agricultural analysts and 195 dealing with such subjects as security of tenure remuneration and superannuation.A statement regarding the position of official agricultural analysts under the new Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act has been sent to all agricultural analysts with a covering letter recommending them to apply to their respective authorities for improvement in their emoluments. The Public Appointments Committee has also had before it a draft of the recommendations proposed to be made by the Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. This document has been reviewed by members who are specially acquainted with the subject and a Sub-Committee has collated and forwarded sug- gestions and minor alterations to the Secretary of the Advisory Committee.Pu b1ications.-The revised edition of The Profession of Chemistry has been prepared under the supervision of the Publications committee and copies will be sent to Fellows Associates and Registered Students. The book will also be issued to persons enquiring for the Regulations in order that they may be more fully informed with regard to the profession which they propose to follow. The Publications Committee is indebted to several Fellows to whom they have referred the various chapters for criticism and will welcome further sugges- tions for the improvement of this publication in subsequent editions.The sixth edition of A List of O@cial Chemical A@ointments was published and issued to the Fellows and Associates in July The publication was delayed owing to changing legislation affecting the conditions of appointments and also to the difficulty of obtaining returns from certain quarters. The Council is greatly indebted to all heads of Departments Registrars and Secretaries of Universities and Colleges Official Chemists Town Clerks and others without whose assistance and courtesy the list could not have been prepared. The Registrar regrets that a few errata and omissions have occurred. These have been printed on a separate slip which is being issued with this part of THE JOURNAL. In the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS Part 111 (page 147) reference was made to the lecture on “Fire Risks in Industry,” givcri in March by Mr.Alec M. Cameron before the Local Sec- tions of the Institute and the Society of Chemical Industry a t 196 Edinburgh. The Publications Committee on receiving the suggestion from the Edinburgh Section that the paper should be published in full formed the opinion that it was of such general interest and usefulness that it-should be printed as a separate monograph and with the consent of Mr. Cameron the Council has directed that copies should be sent to all members and Registered Students. Institute has received from the executor of the late Mr. Alexander Watt a legacy of &50 for the Benevolent Fund and also his collection of photographic negatives of titles pictures and portraits from books on alchemy chemistry early science and other literature which he bequeathed to the Library.The collection consists of over 500 plates and films. Many of these will be useful for the preparation of further lantern slides for the Institute’s Mr. Alexander Watt’s Bequest.-The collection which is available for the use of Fellows and Associates who wish to give lectures on the history of chemistry. Soci6t6 de Chimie 1ndustrielle.-Mr. Arthur R. Smith has been appointed to represent the Institute at the Seventh Congress of Industrial Chemistry to be held at Paris from 16th-zznd October 1927. The Congress will be followed by the celebration of the Centenary of the birth of Marcelin Berthelot at which the Institute will be represented by Prof.J. F. Thorpe Vice-president. 197 Local Sections. Birmingham and Midlands-A meeting of the Section was held a t the White Horse Hotel Birmingham on 21st March. After a short musical programme to which Dr. Norris Messrs. Knapp Mason and Megson contributed Mr. F. H. Alcock gave a talk on the “Making of a Phannacopoeia.” In 1858 three Pharmacopoeias were in use namely the London Pharmacopoeia and those of Edinburgh and Dublin. These differed more particularly in the prescribed strengths of preparations. In order to eliminate the confusion due to this an Act of Parliament was passed (1854 having for one of its aims the establishment of a British Pharrnacopaeia. The British Medical Council was authorised to undertake the work of its production and was given the exclusive right of publishing printing and selling the book.The first Pharmacopaeia was published in 1864 but it did not meet with general approval. The Committee of medical men who were responsible for the book therefore proceeded to bring out another edition with the aid of Mr. Robert Warington of the Apothecaries Society’s Laboratory and Prof. T. Redwood of the Pharmaceutical Society. Both the first and second editions of the British Pharmacopoeia contained the articles of Materia Medica and their preparation. An addendum to the second edition appeared in 1874 and this introduced to the medical profession many new drugs and preparations such as acetic ether chloral hydrate sodium hypophosphite pepsin and amyl nitrite.A further edition issued in 1885 was not entirely successful in that the “parts ” system of weights and measures was introduced. Among the new classes of preparations and remedies described were apomorphine boric acid caffeine coca leaves physostigmine pilocarpine and thymol. Many minor alterations were made in the strength and constitution of preparations. The introduction of well-known substances such as acetanilide saccharine phenacetin phenazone and paraldehyde was made in an addendum in 1890. The British Pharmacopoeia has not always been in the van of progress and this has led to the production-as a result-of books such as Squire’s Companion to the Pharmacopa?ia Martin- 198 dale’s Extra PharmacopEia and the British Pharmaceutical Codex which are now indispensable to the active practitioner and pharmacist.Mr. Alcock suggested that young chemists would do well to read the B.P. for there were many interesting problems which required urgent solution. On the motion of the Chairman Prof. Ling a hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. -4lcock for his most interesting address. The Section held an informal dinner on 30th March at the White Horse Hotel when the Registrar of the Institute was present and an enjoyable evening was spent. Malaya.-At a meeting held at Singapore on zznd June Dr. J. L. Rosedale Professor of Biochemistry at the College of Medicine gave a lecture on “The R61e of B Vitamin in Nutrition.” Describing the experimental work in which he and Prof.R. H. A. Plimmer had been engaged for several years he said that they had found that carbohydrate fat and protein each needed a definite proportion of B Vitamin in order to ensure assimilation. Different foods contained different amounts of this vitamin and the quantity had been ascertained in many of the common foods by feeding experiments. Sixty per cent. of whole-wheat bread or flour in a diet would amply fulfil the requirements while white bread and white rice which had been proved to contain no B Vitaniin had to be balanced by adding sufficient of some other food rich in B Vitamin to the diet. Ordinary green vegetables did not contain B Vitamin and it is absent from fish and muscle meat.The use of highly milled and polished cereals made it difficult to introduce-sufficient B Vitamin into ordinary diet. The power to resist disease was lowered and from careful post mortem examination of the experimental animals it appeared that constipation general lethargy the putting on of undue internal fat general gastro-intestinal troubles and rheumatoid arthritis were associated with the lack of appreciation of the importance of maintaining a definite balance between the quantity of B Vitamin and the total food eaten. A discussion followed and the thanks of the members were accorded Dr Rosedale for his interesting paper. 199 National Certificates in Chemistry 1927. THE Couiicil has received from the Joint Committee of the Board of Education and the Institute the report of the Assessors on the examination for National Certificates held in 1927.Gilbert T. Morgan O.B.E. D.Sc. Assessors :-Professor F.R.S. and Professor J. E. Coates O.B.E. DSc. I . Introductory.-The general standard of knowledge shown in the Examination has been maintained and in many cases improvements in teaching and in the conduct of examinations are manifest. The Assessors still feel it necessary however to offer a good many criticisms. I I . Standard of Knowledge in Theoretical Chemistry.-In Inorganic Chemistry the scripts from many schools showed that the candidates’ knowledge of the fundamental parts of this branch of chemistry was seriously lacking in precision. The knowledge shown on questions relating to atomic weights was often unsatisfactory and the formulz of quite common sub- stances were sometimes wrongly stated.In Physical Chemistry higher marks were often obtained than in Organic but thisseemed to be due more to thememorising of lecture notes than to real assimilation of knowledge. Erro- neous statements were made in regard to such fundamental matters as Avogadro’s hypothesis Graham’s law of diffusion critical pressure etc. Liquefaction plant was sometimes sketched and described but the underlying principles were not explained. In descriptions of the polarimeter many candidates omitted any reference to the Nicol prisms. The evidence adduced in support of ionic dissociation was based almost entirely on electrolytic phenomena. I I I .Training in Laboratory Arts.-The theoretical work of the candidates seems often out of touch with the realities of the laboratory and this weakness applies to both inorganic and organic chemistry. 200 IV. Startdad of Marking.-Lenient marking is still notice- able but less so than in formeriyears. Certain internal examiners are very critical judges but others more frequently function as advocates for their students. This was noticeable not only in the Senior but also in the Advanced Grade. Students are often given sufficient marks to pass when they have obtained no marks for the compulsory question and have given only scrappy answers to the remainder. V. Practical Exami.lzations.-Although the standard of the papers set in the practical examinations is more uniform there is still a wide divergence in the time allotted for the examination in the various schools.The period varies from two and a half to seven hours. It is suggested that a single period of four hours or two periods of two hours each on successive evenings should be taken as a standard for these examinations. The Assessors wish to emphasise again the necessity for a complete return of the keys to practical exercises and methods of allotting unknown substances. The standard of marking in the practical examinations shows even more leniency than in the case of the theoretical papers. Pass marks were sometimes given for work which included very bad mistakes. VI. Chemical Technology.-Candidates are often weak in the chemid principles underlying technical processes.For example the constitutional formulie of dyes and intermediates were often wrongly stated. VII. Physics and Mathematics.-It is still necessary to point out to certain schools the importance of providing full details as to syllabuses schemes of marking and solutions of numerical exercises. The syllabuses frequently suggest a higher standard and wider scope than the actual papers set. There is a general tendency to set very similar papers in successive years and the necessary number of questions can often be answered by dealing with electricity and magnetism only although the syllabus includes other branches of Physics. Examination papers should be an all-round test of the whole course and the scope of the examination should not be limited to those parts of the subject which are closely related to chemistry.The answers to electro-chemical subjects were not well done in particular knowledge of matters relating to electrolysis and primary cells seems rather unsatisfactory. There is still room for' much improvement in some schools in the writing of scripts; bad spelling poor diagrams and careless arithmetic are all too common. Over-marking though less prevalent is still found 'in some institutions and as in the case of the chemistry papers students are often given pass marks for papers which only contain scrappy answers to a number of questions. Since the scheme started some institutions have succeeded in making a marked all-round improvement but others do not show as much improvement as might be desired.VIII. During the present session one school has submitted candidates for the first time in the Ordinary grade. The number of entries in the Ordinary grade was 145 against 102 in 1926. In the Higher grade there were 38 candidates compared with 51 in 1926; of these 23 had obtained the Ordinary certificate of whom 15 were successful in obtaining the Higher certificate this year. One special case was informed last year that he would be awarded the Higher certificate if he passed the examin- ation for the Ordinary certificate this year which he has now done. National Certificates in Chemistry (Scotland) .-Mr. William Rintoul Assessor for the examination held under the Joint Advisory Commit tee of the Scottish Education Department and the Institute has reported that six candidates from the Royal Technical College Glasgow have been successful in the examina- tion held during the last session and have obtained the Higher Certificate.202 Examinations for Part-Time Students. The Departnzental Com.mittee [of the Board of Edwation] on Examinations for Part-Time Students has asked the Council for any views which it may have formed as the result of experience in administering the scheme whereby the Institute and the Board jointly issue certificates in chemistry to part-time students. In reply the Council has forwarded to the Departmental Com- mittee the following statement prepared by the representatives of the Institute on the Joint Committee for National Certificates in Chemistry pointing out however that it deals only with the specific request made to the Institute without reference to the larger question included in the terms of reference to the Com- mittee namely,-the place and value of examinations as elements in training for industrial comniercial and ‘professional activity.THE JOINT SCHEME FOR NATIONAL CERTIFICATES. When the Board of Education and the Institute of Chemistry first co-operated in the joint scheme of National Certificates in Chemistry the training of part-time students was mainly tested by examinations conducted by the teachers concerned and successful candidates were awarded certificates of the College or School in which they had studied. These certificates had but little significance outside a limited area there being then no national attempt at instituting a generally recognised standard of attainment .When the schools came to submit their syllabuses and courses for approval several of these were considered unsatisfactory by the Joint Committee of the Institute and the Board of Education and substantial improvements were required before recognition was accorded. Thus the inauguration of the scheme had at once a good effect. 203 In the first year of the joint scheme the task of assessment presented serious difficulties owing to the complete lack of uniformity in regard to the scripts and mark sheets forwarded to the Institute. It was evident in several schools that the local examinations had degenerated into perfunctory formalities ; for instance scripts were sometimes written in pencil and efficient supervision was occasionally lacking in the practical examinations.In the early years considerable difficulty was occasioned owing to the examination superintendents failing to carry out the instruct ions. The Institute of Chemistry is convinced that the scheme has given it the power to assist the progress of part-time chemical teaching at least in two important respects:-(I) by insisting that candidates receiving national rather than local certificates shall be well grounded in the fundamental principles of chemical science (2) by insisting on a high standard of proficiency in laboratory work. From the experience of the first year it was clear that these objects had by no means been generally realised under the previously existing examinational schemes of pa.rt- time instruction.The succeeding years 1923-27 have in nearly all cases shown a steady improvement in the general quality of the work as judged under the joint scheme. The examination papers set by the teachers in both theoretical and practical chemistry have shown evidence of careful selection and of insistence on a reasonably and uniformly high standard of knowledge from their students. The scripts show with few exceptions a remarkable improve- ment on the efforts of earlier years this being particularly noticeable in regard to practical examinations. There is no doubt that the introduction of the National Certificate has led in a very short time to a marked improvement in the quality of the chemical teaching of part-time students in many institutions.Examinational systems are never perfect and too much must not be expected of them but they undoubtedly stimulate self- denial perseverance emulation and ambition and thus encourage both teachers and students to do their best. 204 The present joint scheme has the great advantage over the old centralised system of the Science and Art Department inasmuch as it relies largely on the goodwill and co-operation of the teachers. These now set the majority of the examination questions acting as internal examiners but have the advantage of the co-operation of the common external assessors appointed under the scheme.There are certain teachers whose parental instincts are so strong that regarding their students as their intellectual offspring they endeavour to represent all their geese as swans! They lecture their classes on highly abstruse modern topics and then set their examination questions so that they can be answered at a pass standard by students who have committed the lectures to memory without thoroughly understanding them. This is however detected when the Assessor sets a comparatively easy compulsory question which usually proves a stumbling block to the spoon-fed candidates. Another abuse is sometimes observed when the teachers act as internal examiners. There is often a very noticeable difference in the standards of marking for strong and weak candidates.The former pass on their merits but in regard to the latter certain teachers consider it their function to act as advocates rather than as judges and they try to get weak candidates through by a too generous marking of fragmentary answers. There is some evidence that the institution of the scheme has resulted in part-time students carrying their training beyond that required for National Certificates in order to prepare them- selves for the Examination for the Associateship of the Institute. This stimulation of effort towards a professional career may be cited in further justification of the joint scheme. The curricula approved under the joint scheme sometimes comprise courses in various branches of chemical technology depending on the needs of local industries.In certain districts there is a tendency to start elementary students on studies in applied chemistry before they have gained sufficient knowledge concerning the underlying scientific principles which are essential to the proper understanding of the processes employed in indus- trial operations. Here again the Institute is enabled through the joint scheme to insist on an adequate inclusion of funda- mental science. 205 SUMMARY. Six years’ experience of the joint scheme for the granting of National Certificates in chemistry has proved the value of its examinations as an element in training for industrial life the following objects being kept in view:- (I) The inculcation of a sound training in scientific principles and an avoidance of premature specialisation.(2) The attainment by all successful candidates of an adequate standard of scientific knowledge. (3) The maintenance of a standard of proficiency in practical chemistry as tested by the performance of laboratory exercises carried out under adequate supervision. 206 Notes. Association of Special Libraries and I nforrnation Bureau.-The Fourth Congress of this Association will be held at Trinity College Cambridge from the qrd-26th September 1927 and will be open to all interested whether members of the Association or not. Copies of the detailed programme and other particulars can be obtained from the Secretary ASLIB 38 Bloomsbury Square London W.C.I. The Conference will discuss the recent Report of the Public Libraries Committee and such subjects as co-operation between libraries and book selection in science and technology.Sectional meetings will be held on information and statistics in commerce and industry on patent classification and other information bureaux questions. With the assistance of the Carnegie United Kingdom Trustees the Association will publish in the autumn a Directory of sources of specialised information edited by Mr. G. F. Barwick late Keeper of Printed Books at the British Museum which will record under thousands of subject headings the various centres in Great Britain and Ireland to which those in search of specialised information may look for assistance. Iso-Propy I-Alcohol.-The Commissioners of Customs and Excise have directed attention to Statutory Rules and Orders 1927 No.783 relating to the Importation and Manufacture Sale and Use of Iso-Propyl Alcohol (price Id. net). The regu- lations may be cited as the Iso-Propyl Alcohol Regulations 1927 and came into force on the first day of September. They require every importer of iso-propyl alcohol making entry thereof under the Customs Acts at the time of importation to declare in writing in addition to the particulars required to be stated in thc entry the name and address of the actual consignee; and that every manufacturer shall within fourteen days aftcr the regulations come into force or within fourteen days after com- mencing to use any premises for the manufacture of such alcohol register his premises by delivering to the local Officer of Customs 207 and Excise a statement of his name and the premises at which such manufacture takes place.Every manufacturer seller and user shall in respect of the period from the first September to 31st December 1927 and in respect o$ each subsequent half year deliver to the Commissioners within fourteen days of the expiration of such periods a return showing (a) in the case of a manufacturer the total quantity of iso-propyl alcohol manu- factured by him during that period; (b) in the case of a seller (whether he is also a manufacturer or user or not) particulars of each quantity of such alcohol received or sold by him during that period with the date of receipt or sale of each such quantity and the name and address of the person from whom it was re- ceived or to whom it was sold; and (c) in the case of a user (whether he is also a manufacturer or seller or not) particulars of the quantity and date of receipt of each consignment of such aIcohol received by him during that period and the name and address of the person from whom it was received and also the purposes for which any iso-propyl alcohol has been used by him and the total quantity used for each purpose during such period.208 0 bituary . BENJAMIN ARTHWR BVRRELL died at Leeds on July loth 1927 aged 68. He was educated at the Leeds Grammar School and received his professional training under the late Thomas Fairley Professor (later Sir Edward) Thorpe and George Ward of Leeds.After a pupilage under Mr. Fairley he acted as his assistant for eight years during which time he taught Chemistry at the Leeds Institute. In 1883 he was appointed Public Analyst to the City of Cork and he held that position until 1890 when he rejoined Mr. Fairley at Leeds becoming later his partner and eventually in 1919 his successor as City Analyst. At the time of his death he was also Public Analyst to the North Riding of Yorkshire and the Borough of Scarborough Agricultural Analyst to the North and West Ridings Consulting Chemist to the Fire Offices Committee of London Gas and Water Examiner for the City of beds and the West Riding Water Examiner for Leeds and Harrogate and Consulting Chemist to the Yorkshire Agricultural Society. He was the author of a text book on food testing and of many papers on analytical practice.H e served on the Council of the Society of Public Analysts and on the Committee of the local section of the Institute and was for many years honorary secretary of the Yorkshire Section of the Society of Chemical Industry of which he was Chairman for the last two years. He was elected Follow of the Institute in 1887. At the funeral at Woodhouse Cemetery Leeds the Institute was represented by Mr. 13. G. McLellan (Chairman of the Local Section and member of Council) and others. MADANLAL JEKISANLAS GAJJAR died at Girgaum Bombay on 25th July 1926 in his 50th year. Educated at the High Schools of Swat and Baroda he continued his studies at the Gujrat College Ahmedabad and at Wilson and Elphinstone Colleges Bombay graduating as M.A.with Honours in chemistry in 1906 From 1907 to 1912 he conducted a consulting and analytical practice and from 1914 was the proprietor of chemical works at Girgaum. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1926. JOHN ROBINSON LEEBODY died a t Londondorry on 27th July in his 88th year. He was tho son of the Rev. Henry Leebody of Ballinderry co. Antrim arid was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution and Queen’s Colbge-now University-Belfast graduating as M.A. in 1863 and later as D.Sc. Intending to enter the Ministry he continued his studies at the Assembly College Belfast and was licensed by the Belfast Presbytery in 1865 but on the establishment in that year of the Magee (Presbyterian) College he was appointed to the chair of mathe- matics and natural philosophy and in 1891 aucceeded Prof.Witherow as President of the College which position he held until his death. Ho was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1878. 209 EDWARD NEVILLE MOTTRAM died a t Disly Cheshire on 26th July in his 28th year. Born at Eccles he was educated at the local Secondary School and after eighteen months’ experience in the laboratories of Messrs. Levinstein Ltd. at Blackley entered the University of Man- Chester where he graduated as B.Sc. in 1921 with bonours in chemistry. Subsequently he continued research under Prof Lapworth and proceeded to M.Sc. (1922) and Ph.D. (1925) the early part of his course being inter- rupted by six months’ army service.He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1923. JAMES MATKEW PETRIE died at Sydney on 30th March in his 57th ycar. Educated a t Heriot’s School and at Heriot-Watt College Edin- burgh under Professors Perkin and Kipping he subsequently went to Australia and graduated in 1900 as B.Sc. at the University of Sydney. He held positions in New South Wales as assayer and chemist to the Deep Creek Gold Mining Company assayer in the Royal Mint Sydney and analytical chemist in the Geological Laboratory of the Department of Public Instruction and later was appointed lecturer in chemistry and assaying in Sydney Technical College. He was engaged for a considerable period in the laboratory of Prof. Archibald Liversidge in the University of Sydney upon research on the natural resources of New South Wales- rocks ores gemstones bituminous shales tobacco and wine.In 1905 he obtained the degree of D.Sc. and was for several years a Lecturer and Demonstrator in the University and later Macleay Fellow in Biochemistry at the Linnean Society Sydney. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1903. HENRY RICHARDSON PROCTER died at Newlyn Cornwall on 17th August aged 79 years. He received his education at Bootham School York and was a student at the Royal College of Chemistry in 1870 and 1871 taking physics at the Royal School of Mines. He then joined his father who carried on a tannery at Low Lights North Shields where he remained until 1889. During this period he began scientific investigations on the chemistry of tanning and on processes for the estimation of tanning materials the results of which are embodied in the extensive series of papers in connection with which his name is so well known.In 1889 he became chemist and technical manager at Messrs. E. & J. Richardson’s bather Manufactory at Newcastle-upon-Tyne practising also as consulting chemist in the leather trade. In 1891 he was appointed lecturer on leather industries at the Yorkshire College,-now the University-Leeds where the present Leather Industries Department was established in 1897 of which he remained head until 1913 when he retired with the title of Emeritus Professor. During the war however he returned t o the Uni- versity and again took charge of the Department. A fund was raised for the establishment in his honour of an International Leather Research Laboratory at b e d s which was opened in October 1014 Prof.Procter himself being its first Honorary Director. He was the author of The (1919) and edited The Leather Chemists’ Pocket Book (1919). He delivered Principles of Leathr Manufacture (1921) The Making of Leather (1914) Leather Industries Laboratory Book of Analgtical and Experimental Methods lectures on the chemistry of tanning at the City and Guilds Institute 1855 and Cantor lectures on leather manufacture before the Royal Society of Arts. He was a member of the Advisory Committee of the Inventions Exhibition 1886 was one of the founders of the International Association of Leather Trades Chemists and a t his death was an Honorary President of the Association.He was m active member of the Newcastle Chemical Society and contributed to its Transactions before its absorption into the 210 Society of Chemical Industry. He was awarded the honorary degree of DSc. in the University of Leeds and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1923. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1891 and served as a Member of Council from 1902 until 1904. LAWCHLAN MACQUARIE STEWA~T died after an operation on 9th August in his 40th year. He graduated as M.A. and B.Sc. (Edin.) and after a course at the Edinburgh and East of Scotland College of Agriculture took the degree of B.Sc. Ag~ic. During the war he was engaged as a chemist at H.M. Factory Irvine and later was for a time with Messrs.L. B. Holliday & Co. Ltd. In 1919 he was appointed assistant lecturer and demonstrator at the University of Birmingham where- he continued for three years. At the time of his death he was engaged in private coaching in London. He was elected an Associate in 1919. GEOFFREY WEYMAN died at Hexham on 29th April in his 38th year. He was educated a t HuIme Grammar School Manchester the Royal High School Edinburgh and Armstrong College Newcastle-on-Tyne. He graduated as B.Sc. (Dun.) in 1910 and proceeded to M.Sc. in 1913 and D.Sc. in 1920. He was appointed Chemist to the Newcastle and Gateshead Gas Co. but on the outbreak of war was mobilised from the General Reserve of Officers attached to the Durham Light Infantry and served in France unt,il March 1915.He was then recalled for civil employment under the Ministry of Munitions and was engaged as chief chemist in the rccovery of benzol toluoI etc. at the Elswick and Ftedheugh Gas Works and a t the St. Anthony’s Tar Works. He continued in his appointment as Chief Chemist to the Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Gateshead Gas Co. until his death. He contributed several valuable papers to the Society of Chemical Indixstry to the North of England Gas Managers’ Association and to the Gas Journal and was the author of Modern Gas- Works Chemistry and patentee of several inventions of importance in the gas industry. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1918 and a Fellow in 1921 and served for some time on the Committee of his Section.At his funeral at Lamesley Cemetery the Institute was represented by several membera of the Newcastle and North-East Coast Section of the Institute. 211 Books and their Contents. The following books have been presented by the authors or publishers and may be seen in the Library of the Institute:- “Chemical The Making of a A Guide to Works Practice.” E. I. Lewis and George King. Pp. 288. (London Ernest Benn Ltd.) 12s. 6d. A Guide to Works Practice; Part I-A Chemical its Manufacture and Cost; Part 11-Power and Plant; Management ctc. “Chimie Physique Lesons de.” P. Maurice Vezes avec une Pr4face de G. Urbain. Pp. i-ix + 545. (Paris Libraire Vuibert 1927.) Atomes e t Molhcules ; Electrochimie ; Vitesse des Rhtions; Equilibres Chimiques.“Colloids.” H. R. Kruyt translated by €3. S. van Klooster. Yp. i-xi-1-262. (New York John Wiley & Sons Inc.; London Chapman gi Hall Ltd.). 17s. 6d. net. General Introduction Preliminary consideration of colloidal systems boundary phenomena capiilary electrical phenomena. Suspensoids Stability of suspensoids charge and stability constitution of the double layer kinetics of flocculation other optical properties of suspensoids properties of suspensoids from the kinetic point of view formation of suspensoicl sols historical outline of the development of the theory of suspensoids. Emulsoids General properties of emulsoids stability of emulsoids protein sols osmotic phenomena gels. Special Cases Special sols. ’‘ Fertilizers and Soil Improvers.” W.Gardner. Pp. 184. (London Crosby Lockwood & Son.) 7s. 6d. net. Description application and comparative value of fertilisers etc. “Flame and Combustion in Gases.’’ William A. Bone and Donald T. A. Townend. Pp. i-xvi 3-548. (London Longmans Green & Co. Ltd. 1927.) 32s. Historical Review (particularly 1660-1880) ; Initiation and Development of Flame and Detonation in Gaseous Explosions ; Gaseous Explosions in Closed Vessels ; The Mechanism of Gaseous Combustion ; Catalytic and Incandescent Surface Combustion ; Appendix Classified Experi- mental Data relating to Ignition Flame Propagation and Detonation. 212 “ Mines Publications of the Safety in Mines Research Board.” Volume I (1923-1925). Reports and Papers relating to Research into Coal Dust Fire-damp and other Sources of Danger in Coal Mines.(London H.M. Stationery Office 1927.1 Reports Memoranda etc. prices varying from 2d. to Is. 3d. “ Organic Chemistry Theoretical.” Part 11. Francis Arnall and Francis W. Hodges. Pp. i-x + 329. (London J. and A. Churchill 1927.) 10s. 6d. An extension and amplification of Par(; I. “Pickering Spencer The Scientific Work of the late.” T. M. Lowry and Sir John Russell. Biographical Notice by A. Harden. Pp. i-x + 247. (London The Royal Society 1927.) 4s. Part I Chemistry and Physics; Part 11 Investigations of the Effect of External Conditions on the Growth of Fruit Trees with Appendix. “ Punjab A History of Chemistry in the.” H. B. Dunnicliff and R. K. Bahl. (Lahore U. C. Kapur & Sons.) “ Thermometric Conversion Chart.” Percy L.Marks. (London Crosby Lockwood & Son 1927.) 3s. 6d. Deals with the thcrmometric scales based upon the use of mercury as the material medium; Do L’Islc Fahrenheit Rbumur Centigrade arid with the Absolute Scale. 213 Chester. The Register. A t the meeting of Council held on aznd July 1gq,4 Associates were elected to t h e Fellowship 20 new Associates were elected and 7 Students were admitted. The Institute has lost 4 Fellows and 3 Associates by death. Associates elected to the Fellowship. Bickerstaffe Robert A.M.C.T. 33 Abbotshall Road Kirkcaldy Fife. Evans Gerald Clifton Merlin Banbury Road Stratford-on-Avon. Hind Stanley Reginald B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. 48 CoIclough Road Meir Stoke -on-Trent .Mather Wilfred A.M.C.T. 302 Auclenshaw Road Audenshaw Man- Nottingham. New Associates. Baird David BSc. (Glas.) 26 Princes Place Ardrossan Ayrshire. Berry Harry B.Sc. (Lond.) Central Technical College Suffolk Stmet Birmingham. Birks Stanley M.A. (Oxon) The Limes High View Avenue Grays Essex. Bowden Sydney Fbskruge B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. Harlington Road Toddington Dimstable Beds. Burstall Francis Hereward M.Sc. (Birm.) 12 Adelaide Road Teddington Middlesex. Cashmore Joseph Alfred 4 Octavia Street Battersea London S.W.11. Court Michael Burnett B.Sc. (Glas.) c/o Bavis,.40 Glen Road Wishaw Lanarkshire. Domes Hector Ingram M.Sc. (Wales) 13 Nevis Road Balham London S.W.17. Duthie Douglas Watt M.A. B.Sc. (Aberd.) 32 Braemar Place Aberdeen.Green George Colman B.Sc. (Birm.) 469 Belchers Lane Little Bromwich Birmingham. Gurney Edward William Moye BSc. (TJond.) 79 Dalmally Road Addis- comb Croydon Surrey. Hammerton Charles B.Sc. (Lond.) 71 Northgate Wakefield Yorks. Hood Alexander B.Sc. (Glas.) 64 Maxwell Drive Glasgow S.l. Jones Brynmor B.Sc. (Wales) 15 Field's Road Newport Mon. Jowett Fred Haigh B.Sc. (Lond.) 32 Moorhead Terrace Shipley Yorks Laverty William 203 M7hitehaugh Avenue Paisley. Subrahmanyan Vaidyanatha B.A. (Madras) Lecturer in Bio-Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India. Taylor John Leslie l3.S~. (Wales) 22 Llanfair Road Cardiff. Thornton Harold Douglas A.R.C.Sc.I. Fernhurst Greystones co. Wicklow I.F.S. Towlson Bernard Ellis B.Sc.(Lond.) Abbey Road West Bridgford 214 New Students. Uarnes Reginald Joseph 20 Preston Avenue Highnms Park Chingford London E.4. Kenworthy Leslie New Buckenham Norwich Norfolk. Maxted Sydney Walter Merlewood Park View Road New Eltham London S.E.9. Morrell Harry Norman 8 Walter Street Abbey Hey Gorton Mmchester. Pocock Benjamin 13 Talbot Terrace Burley Leeds. Trower Geoffrey John 237 Plashet Grove East Ham London E.6. Turner Harold Chance Gedling Forest Ridge Keston Kent. DEATHS. Fellows. John Robinson Leebody M.A. D.Sc. James Mathew Potrie D.Sc. Henry Richardson Procter D.Sc. F.R.S. Geoffrey Weyman D.Sc. Associates. Madanlal Jekisanlas Gajjar M.A. Edward Neville Mottram M.Sc. Ph.D. Lauchlan Macquarie Stewart M.A. B.Sc. Change of Name.(Miss) Amy Gladys Coucher A.C.G.F.C. Associate-on her marriage-to Mrs. Hocking. 215 Entries close. Monday 14th November 1927. Monday 13th February 1928. Monday 16th July 1928 General Notices. Examinations in 1 928.-The arrangements for examina. tions during 1928 are as follows:- Dates of Exams. 2nd to 7th January. or 9th to 14th January. 16th to aIst April. or 23rd to 28th April. 17th to aznd September. or 24th to 29th September. Candidates for the Associateship will be examined in January April and September and candidates for the Fellowship in April and September. Sir Edward Frankland Medal and Prize for Registered Students.-A medal and prize (LIO IOS.) for the best essay not exceeding 3,000 words on “The Importance of Chemistry to the Welfare of the People” will be awarded in January 1928 and presented at the next annual general meeting or at a meeting of the local section to which the successful competitor is attached.Entries are limited to registered students who are less than 22 years of age at the time of forwarding the essay. Each essay must be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the local section of the district in which the competitor resides on or before the 31st December 1927 and must be accompanied by a signed declaration that it is the independent work of the competitor. The Committee of each local section will be asked to select from among the essays received not more than three considered to be the most worthy of the ayard. Essays will be valued partly for literary style and technique but mainly for the thoughts and.ideas contained therein. The essays selected by the local sections will be referred to assessors appointed by the Council. On the report of the assessors the Council will decide whether an award be made. Enquiries on the subject of the Sir Edward Frankland Essays should be addressed to the Registrar. pating Institutions. 216 Meldota Medal.-The Meldola Medal is awarded annually to the chemist whose published chemical work shows the most promise and is brought to the notice of the administrators during the year ending 31st December prior to the award; without restricting the award to any particular branch of chemical work the administrators have primary regard to work bearing on analytical chemistry.The recipient must be a British subject not more than 30 years of age at the time of the completion of the work; but until 1928 the award may be made to candidates who at the time of the completion of the work are more than 30 years of age provided that the age of the recipient does not exceed 30 by more than the period during which the recipient was engaged on active naval military or air service. The Medal may not be awarded more than once to the same person. The Council will be glad to have attention directed (before 1st January 1928) to work of the character indicated. The award for the year 1927 will be made in January 1928. Beilby Memorial Awards.-From the interest derived from the invested capital of the Sir George Beilby Memorial Fund at intervals to be determined by the administrators representing the Institute of Chemistry the Society of Chemical Industry and the Institute of Metals awards will be made to British investigators in science to mark appreciation of records of distinguished original work preference being given to in- vestigations relating to the special interests of Sir George Beilby including problems connected with fuel economy chemical engineering and metallurgy.Awards will not be made on the result of any competition but in recognition of continuous work of exceptional merit bearing evidence of distinct advancement in knowledge and practice. The administrators of the Fund are the Presidents the Honorary Treasurers and the Secretaries of the three partici- Notice to Associates.-The Council desires to encourage all Associates to proceed to the Fellowship as soon as possible.The attention of Associates elected prior to August 1924 who have since been continuously engaged in the study and practical application of chemistry is directed to the revised syllabuses for the examinations for the Fellowship. Copies of the regulations and forms of application can be obtained from the Registrar. 217 Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates of the Institute of Chemistry who are available for appointments is kept at the offices of the Institute. For full information inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar Fellows and Associates are invited to notify the Institute of suitable vacancies for qualified chemists Students who have been registered as Students of the Institute for not less than six months and are in the last term of their college course may receive the Appointments Register of the Institute on the same terms as Fellows and Associates provided that their applications for this privilege be endorsed by their professors.Lists of vacancies are forwarded twice weekly to those whose names are on the Appointments Register Fellows and Associates who are already in employment but seeking to improve their positions are required to pay 10s. for a period of six months. Members and Students who are without employ- ment are required to pay 6s. 6d. for the first period of six months and if not successful in obtaining an appointment will there- after be supplied with the lists gratis for a further period of six months if necessary.The Institute also maintains a Register of Laboratory Assistants who have passed approved Preliminary Examinations and in some cases Intermediate Science Examinations. Fellows and Associates who have vacancies for such Registered Students and Laboratory Assistants are invited to communicate with the Registrar. The Library.-The Library of the Institute is open for the use of Fellows Associates and Registered Students between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. on week-days (Saturdays 10 a.m. and I p.m.) except when examinations are being held. The library consists of books which are likely to be required by candidates during the Institute’s practical examinations.The comprehensive Library of the Chemical Society is avail- able by the courtesy of the Council of the Society for the use of Fellows and Associates of the Institute wishing to consult or borrow books from 10 a.m. to g p.m. on week-days (Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.). Registered Students of the Institute are also permitted for the present year to use the Library of the Chemical Society for reference purposes but not to borrow books. 218 Members and Students of the Institute using the Library of the Society.are required to conform to the rules of the Society regarding the use of its books. Covers f o r Journal.-Members who desire covers for binding the JOURNAL (cost about IS. zd. each) are requested to notify the Registrar of their requirements indicating the years for which they are desirous of binding the JOURNAL. Arrangements have been made with Messrs. A. W. Bain & Co. Ltd. 17-19 Bishop’s Road Cambridge Heath London E.z. to bind volumes of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS on the following terms Buckram case IS. zd.; binding 2s. gd.; postage and packing gd.; in all 4s. 8d. Lantern Slides for Lectures.-A collection of slides is kept at the Institute for the use of members who wish to give lectures. The collection includes a large number of portraits and pictures of alchemists and chemists which are especially useful to members lecturing on various phases of the history of chemistry. Changes of Ldd ress.-In view of. the expense involved through frequent alterations of addressograph plates etc. Fellows Associates and Registered Students who wish to notify changes of address are requested to give so far as possiblc. their permanent addresses for registration.