The cardiovascular area is one of several fields of US-USSR Exchange in the Field of Medical Science and Public Health, in which cooperative research programs are being developed in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This agreement was signed in Moscow on May 23, 1972. The National Heart and Lung Institute, the US coordinating institution for the cardiovascular portion of the agreement, is currently developing collaborative efforts between American and Soviet scientists in the following areas: Pathogenesis of Arteriosclerosis, Management of Ischemic Heart Disease, Myocardial Metabolism, Congenital Heart Disease, Sudden Death, and Blood Transfusion, Blood Components and Prevention of Hepatitis with Particular Reference to Cardiovascular Surgery. In addition, an artificial heart research and development program is being developed under a separate agreement which was signed June 28, 1974 in Moscow. During the first two years of cooperation, there has been a substantial exchange of scientists, delegations, techniques, publications and information. One of the objectives of the exchange program is to explore ways to increase the utilization of Soviet medical literature by American clinicians and scientists, and vice versa. It was decided that one way to accomplish this exchange of information would be for Soviet scientists to furnish the US side with abstracts of recent and important papers dealing with cardiology. These would then be edited by the National Heart and Lung Institute and published as a regular feature in Circulation, the official Journal of the American Heart Association. The abstracts would thus reach all the readers of Circulation, which includes virtually all the cardiovascular investigators in the United States. The choice of articles to be distributed, and the content of the abstracts is the prerogative of the Soviet investigators. The following ten abstracts are the second set to be submitted to the National Heart and Lung Institute for publication from the Soviet side.