Erosion processes and sediment yield over Serbian territory are reviewed, as well as the distribution of sediment load in the hydrological network in Serbia. The overview of erosion problems consists of an analysis of the main erosion factors over the Serbian territory, a review of field investigations of soil loss and a description of the erosion control measures implemented in the region. The review of sedimentation problems includes a presentation of the sediment budget of the hydrographic network of Serbia, an analysis of bed load transport in the main Serbian rivers and consideration of issues related to the reservoir siltation.