ABSTRACTField expeditions between 1986 and 1989 yielded information about the distribution of macroscelids in Tanzania. The rareElephantulus brachyrhynchuswas captured in a natural habitat complex ofmiombowoodland,Combretumsavanna and grassland in Dakawa, Tanzania. Basic ecological data for this species were obtained from 46 animals in a removal‐trapping study and 58 in a live‐trapping study.Sex ratio was near to parity. There was no evidence of a restricted reproductive period, although pregnancy incidence was higher around January‐February. Littersin uterocomprised one or two embryos.E. brachyrhynchushad a preference for the transitionalCombretumsavanna. Stomach contents analysis showed a remarkably high proportion of green plant material in the