The False Pink Bollworm,Sathrobota (Pyroderces) simplex(Walsingham), was observed infesting open cotton bolls during the 1987/88 cotton growing season in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The larvae were, at that time, incorrectly identified as Pink Bollworm(PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders). Their presence caused concern, as the area of infestation occurred in a field of cotton which had been treated with pheromone (gossyplure)to controlinfestation byP. gossypiella.Subsequently identification of the adults in the UK revealed that the majority of the infested bolls contained S.simplexand this was confirmed in trials conducted in thesame area during the1988/89cottongrowing season. This is the first record ofS. simplexin Pakistan. The importance of S.simplexas a pest of cotton, and the evaluation of a pheromone formulation for monitoring adult populations, is described. Its significance as a pest of cotton is discussed.