Mechanisms and kinetics of the anionic polymerization of acrylates, 2. Polymerization oftert‐butyl acrylate in a flow tube reactor and effect of lithium chloride and lithiumtert‐butoxide
作者:
Miroslav Janata,
Lubomír Lochmann,
Petr Vlček,
Jiři Dybal,
Axel H. E. Müller,
期刊:
Die Makromolekulare Chemie
(WILEY Available online 1992)
卷期:
Volume 193,
issue 1
页码: 101-112
ISSN:0025-116X
年代: 1992
DOI:10.1002/macp.1992.021930110
出版商: Hüthig&Wepf Verlag
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
AbstractThe kinetics and the molecular weight distributions (MWD) in the anionic polymerization oftert‐butyl acrylate (tBuA) in tetrahydrofuran at 23 ± 3°C were investigated.Tert‐butyl α‐lithioisobutyrate (tBiB‐Li) was used as the initiator in the absence and presence of the additives lithium chloride and lithiumtert‐butoxide (tBuOLi). A flow tube reactor was used which allowed very rapid mixing of reagents, within milliseconds. The polymerization is extremely fast, half‐lives being 0,01 s for the system without additive, 0,05 s for LiCl and 3 s for tBuOLi as an additive. The rate of termination was estimated from the strong UV absorption of the enolized β‐oxoester end group formed. The number‐average degree of polymerization is a linear function of conversion, the absolute values, however, demonstrate initiator efficiencies of only ca. 30%. The MWD's of the polymers formed are narrow (Mw/Mn= 1,35 without additive,M/Mn= 1,08 in the presence of LiCl andMw/Mn= 1,77 in the presence of tBuOLi). After precipitation these values are reduced to 1,17; 1,06 and 1,32, respectively. Experiments in a stirred tank reactor and in ampoules lead to much broader MWD's. This shows that the rate of mixing has a strong effect on the MWD and is of substantial importance in these ra
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