There is little empirical research on the familial and parental correlates of alexithymia.A two-part study explored how the affective and cognitive characteristics of alexithymia are related to family dysfunction and maternal alexithymia. In Part I, 127 young adults were evaluated for alexithymia with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), for impaired imagination with the Scored Archetypal Test with Nine Elements, and for family dysfunction with the McMaster Family Assessment Device. In Part II, 80 of their mothers completed the TAS-20 about themselves, and maternal alexithymia characteristics were correlated with those of their offspring. In Part I, general family pathology was associated with alexithymia. In particular, difficulty identifying feelings was related to dysfunctional family affective involvement, externally oriented thinking was related to deficient family behavior control, and impaired imagination was related to inadequate family problem solving; these relationships were independent of general family pathology and subjects' positive and negative affect. In Part II, maternal alexithymia characteristics were correlated significantly with the offsprings', controlling for both respondents' positive and negative affect. These findings implicate disturbed family functioning and maternal alexithymia in the development of alexithymia characteristics in children.