Drinking and gambling: a comparison with implications for theories of addiction
作者:
JIM ORFORD,
VICTORIA MORISON,
MARCIA SOMERS,
期刊:
Drug and Alcohol Review
(WILEY Available online 1996)
卷期:
Volume 15,
issue 1
页码: 47-56
ISSN:0959-5236
年代: 1996
DOI:10.1080/09595239600185661
出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
关键词: drinking;gambling;addiction
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
AbstractThere is current concern about the level of excessive gambling in a number of countries, but problem gambling still occupies an uncertain place in the addictions field. The present paper presents results from a pilot study comparing 16 problem gamblers and 16 problem drinkers. Results from a new Attachment Questionnaire suggested that gamblers were just as strongly attached to gambling as drinkers to drinking, although they were significantly less likely to experience withdrawal symptoms. Interviews with the problem gamblers suggested that excessive attachment to gambling was maintained by cyclical processes involving strong, negative feelings associated with gambling losses, shortage of money and the need to keep the extent of gambling secret. It is proposed that these ‘secondary’ processes, along with primary incentive motivation and the tertiary effects of losses associated with excessive behaviour, are sufficient to explain addiction. It is further suggested that neuroadaptation, tolerance and withdrawal, often thought to be central to the process of addiction, may in fact be of comparatively little importa
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