Heroin Addiction: Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Policy
作者:
GoldsteinAvram,
期刊:
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
(Taylor Available online 1991)
卷期:
Volume 23,
issue 2
页码: 123-133
ISSN:0279-1072
年代: 1991
DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10472231
出版商: Taylor&Francis Group
关键词: addiction;heroin;LAAM;naloxone;neurobiology;methadone maintenance;opiates;public policy
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
AbstractThe neurobiology of drug addiction is being clarified. Research is revealing the anatomic pathways of primary drug reinforcement (reward) in the brain and the molecular architecture of the receptors on which addictive drugs act All addictive drugs mimic (or occasionally block) the actions of some neurotransmitter; in the case of heroin or methadone an endogenous opioid, probablyβ-endorphin. The ground work is being laid for understanding Dole and Nyswander's“metabolic disease”concept as a concrete neurochemical abnormality of the endogenous opioid system. Thus, a stronger basis is developing for regarding methadone maintenance as a means of replacing a neurohormonal deficiency. Three practical conclusions that can be drawn from this model are: (1) methadone dosage must be adequate (never less than 50–80 mg); (2) it should be more widely accepted that some patients may require lifelong methadone maintenance; and (3) longer-acting, better stabilizing methadone congeners, such as LAAM and its metabolites, should be brought into general use.
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