Thirty-seven healthy untrained males (age=21 ± 1 yr; range=19 to 35 yr) were studied to determine the effects of 10 wk of lowand high-repetition resistive training on lipoprotein-lipid profiles. Subjects were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a low-repetition group (TV=15) that trained using 4 to 6 repetitions maximum or a high-repetition group (N=14) that used 14 to 16 repetitions maximum in their training or to an inactive control group (N=8). The number of sets was adjusted to equalize workloads. Muscular strength increased significantly in both training groups as indicated by the increase in the one-repetition maximum test (P< 0.05). &OV0312;O2max, body weight, and percent body fat did not change in either of these groups. However, fat-free weight increased significantly in both training groups (bothP< 0.05). The low-repetition training program resulted in no significant changes in the plasma concentrations of triglycerides (104 ±15 vs 89 ±8), total cholesterol (150 ± 7 vs 141 ± 6), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)-cholestcrol (40 ± 1 vs 41 ± 2), and HDL2- cholesterol (7 ± 1 vs 7 ± 1). A similar pattern was observed for the high-repetition group [i.e., no significant changes in the concentrations of triglycerides (87 ± 10 vs 89 ± 8), total cholesterol (148 ± 6 vs 162 ±6), HDL-cholesterol (40 ± 2 vs 40 ± 2), and HDL2cholesterol (6 ± vs 1 vs 7 ±2)]. All lipid values were expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mean ± SE). No changes in any of the parameters tested were observed in eight untrained males who served as controls. These findings suggest that resistive training of low or high repetitions does not alter lipoprotein-lipid profiles when initial total blood cholesterol levels arc low.