Investigations on the decomposition of bracken petioles, over a five‐year period on six adjacent soil types, including moder‐type humus, mull and peat, are reviewed. Changes in gross physical features, chemical composition, pH and dry weight are outlined. The succession of colonizing fungi is described and related tofungal activities.Until the petioles were buried in the litter layer, decomposition occurred at different rates on the various sites, the rate on moder>mull>peat, but the sequence of events was similar. Large proportions of readily leached components were removed in the first few months, but 95% loss of dry matter was estimated to occur only after 11–23 years. The majority of fungi were species cosmopolitan on litter, the population becoming less specialized as decay advanced. The succession resembled those on some other woody tissues, lignin and cellulose decomposers predominating before sugar fungi. From field observations and laboratory experiments, the Basidiomycete Mycena galopus (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer appeared to be the most active of the fungal decomposers.Some ecological and economic implications of the decomposition of bracken litter are briefly discussed, including its effect on soil type, and advantages of bracken compared with straw as bedding for farm an