190 Book Reviews [A?znlyst, VOl. 99 VOCABUL.4IRE DES AGENTS DE SURFACE, TERMS ET D~FINITIONS (VOKABULARIUhl VON TENSIDEN BEGRIFFE UND DEFINITIONEN ; JTOCARULARY OF SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS, TERMS AND DEFINITIONS). (Trilingual.) 2nd Edition. Pp. xiv + 135. Paris: Comitk International des D&riv@s Tensio-Actifs (C.I.D.) Commission de Terminologie. 1972. Price 20F. The second edition of this work by the’ Terminology Commission of the C.I.D. is welcome, but further effort must still be devoted to this field. Readers will find this work very helpful; the indexing is good for the three different languages used in the definitions. One is left, however, with the feeling that a small percentage of the definitions have received insufficient thought, are too theoretical to be helpful to the practising analyst and one or two can be misleading to those not conversant with the detergent field.For example, soap would be better defined as from a mixture of fatty acids containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms; loss of surface-active characteristics is only one requirement for a biodegradable surface-active agent; biodegradability is also referred only to loss of surface activity; procedures used to measure degree of biodegradability may assess com- ponents that have lost their surface activity and different procedures give different degrees of biodegradation; saponification products from neutral fat can also include fatty alcohols and sterols. The text could also benefit by stating how chelating and sequestering agents differ from one another. G. F. LONGMAN ATLAS OF THERMOANXLYTICAL CURVES.Volume 2. (TG-, DTG-, DTA-CURVES MEASURED SIMULTANEOUSLY.) Edited by G. LTPTAY. Pp. 161 (loose-leaf). London, New York and Rlieine: Heyden & Son Ltd. 1973. Price L11.50; $31.66; DM94.50. This Atlas is the latest in a useful series. The layout is slightly different from that of the first volume in that small samples heated a t a slow rate were printed in the first volume on transparent sheets which could bc superimposed on results for larger samples heated quickly which were printed in black on white paper. In the present volume, both plots are printed on the same sheet of white paper. To make the best use of the Atlas, it is best to read the Preface which is included in Volume 1 b u t omitted from Volume 2. The results quoted without critical comment but with precision serve to illustrate the advan- tages and disadvantages of the combination of techniques employed.Thus to quote a few examples, the data for barium oxalate hemihydrate do not indicate that, as formed from the interaction of the soluble barium salt and oxalic acid, the precipitate may be found to have the formula BaC20,.H,C,04.2H,0 and not BaC,04.&H20 as used in the study quoted in the volume. Further- more, the Atlas fails to indicate the way in which the atmosphere plays a decisive part in the oxalate decompositions while other materials are relatively unaffected by the surrounding atmos- phere. This is recognised in some of the coals quoted, which are also reported heat-treated in nitrogen as well as static air.2\11 of the results are clearly presented and the notes are easy to understand. The comments made by the reviewer are only meant to indicate to possible users of the Atlas recognised limitations in the techniques and in a0 way to detract iroiii the advantage offered by these two volumes in providing typical TG, 13TG and DTA curves for some 125 different materials. It should also be noted that the list of references provided is not a complete list and, indeed, this point is made in the preface to Volume 1. As an indication of possible material for further volumes, it woulcl seem feasible to include repeats of some ol the materials already quoted using atmospheres other than static air and crucibles other than platinum. L). DOLLISIORE THE DETERNISATION OF SULPHUR-CONTAINNG GROUPS.Volume 1. THE ~LUALYSIS OF SULPH- Pp. viii + 149. In this short, yet surprisingly comprehensive monograph, a chapter is dedicated to each of the sulphur groiips named in the title. Curiously, isocyanates are inclutlcd, although they contain no sulphur. Each chapter has a similar format, beginning with a brief description of the occurrence OXIDES, SULPHONYL HALIDES, THIOCYXNATES, ISOTIIIOCYAXATES AND ISOCYANATES. By M. R. F. ASHWORTH. London and New I’ork: -\cademic Press. 1972. Price L3.20. A n Iiztevnntional Sevies of lkfonogvaphs, N o . 2.March, 19741 BOOK REVIEWS 191 and use of compounds containing the sulphur group in question, and followed by sections dealing with chemical and physical methods of determination (and, frequently, of detection) of the group.Much of the information concerning the analytical methods is presented in tabular form, and usually in chronological order, which frees the text from a great deal of unnecessary detail while retaining comprehensive coverage. The chemical methods include descriptions of the various decomposition methods, and gravi- metric, titrimetric, spectrophotometric and polarographic finishes. A number of the methods are specific for the particular functional group, but many are simply variations of general methods of sulphur determination. Usually only brief outlines of the various methods are given, but occasionally complete procedures are included. The physical methods are concerned mainly with nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy and the various chromatographic techniques, and are generally dealt with in less detail than the chemical methods.The book is well produced, appears to be free from typographical errors, and contains an extensive author index as well as the subject index. It should be an essential reference text for all organic analysts. A. TOWNSHEND MASSENSPEKTRENSAMMLUNG VON L~SUKGSMITTELN, VERUNREINIGUNGEN, SAULENGELEGMATERIA- LIEN UND EINFACHEN ALIPHATISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN. By MARGOT SPITELLER and G. SPITELLER. Pp. xiv + 243. Vienna and New York: Springer-Verlag. 1973. Price DM58; $21.50. This is a useful compilation of the mass spectra of common solvents, gas-liquid chromato- graphic paclcings and simple compounds. It is clearly designed to aid those searching for spurious or inexplicable peaks in the display from a combined gas - liquid chromatograph - mass spectro- meter system.The information is tabulated under a variety of headings so that the whole makes a very useful laboratory manual. A brief discussion of the fragmentation patterns of the spectra introduces the compilation. D. BETTERIDGE DYNAMIC MASS SPECTROMETRY. Volume 3. Edited by D. PRICE. Pp. viii + 340. London, In the second volume of this series, the Editor stated that “dynamic mass spectrometry is intended to promote the growth of this technique by providing a medium for the publication of its current developments and applications,” and Volume 2 did indeed try to fulfil this aim. Volume 3 is rather a mixture. It is devoted to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, b u t it contains two excellent long review articles on the applications of inhomogeneous oscillatory electric fields in ion physics and on the application of dynamic mass spectrometers to problems in gas analysis.Both review articles are supported by extensive bibliographies containing nearly 500 references. Much of the remainder of the book is devoted to the proceedings of a European Symposium on Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry held 2 ycars ago, and is of primary interest to present and prospective users of time-of-flight mass spectrometers. It is hard to resist the conclusion that this series is in danger of falling between two stools. If its aim is to cover systematically the development of dynamic mass spectrometry, one would think that a deliberate and larger selection of review articles (and some research papers) would be appropriate.To mix these with unselected contributions to a symposium produces a whole which is neither comprehensive nor sufficiently typical. I t is to be hoped that future volumes will include more research papers on the applications of dynamic mass spectrometers in the life sciences and space research as well as the latest dcvelop- ments in related topics such as chemical ionisation, gas chromatography, data handling, surface studies and other selected topics. New York and Kheine: Heyden 8t Son Ltd. 1972. Price k8.75; $21.50; DM72. J. M. B. BAKKER ORGANIC REAGENTS IN METAL ANALYSIS. By K. BURGER. in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 54. Pp. 268. Braunschweig : Pergamon Press. 1973. Price j55.80.International Series of Monographs Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydney and The main emphasis of the book is on the determination of trace amounts of metals (within the broadest interpretation of the word metals) in, e.g., high-purity materials, although the information, as presented, should enable the analyst to provide his own “tailor-made” procedures. I t may be reasoned that much of the information is already freely available elsewhere, but the initial approach on this occasion is somewhat unusual in that the book deals, in detail and expertly, with the complex chemical reactions involved, from a co-ordination chemistry viewpoint (Chapter 1).192 BOOK REVIEWS [Analyst, Vol. 99 In Chapter 2, established analytical procedures are reviewed in the light of the author’s personal experience.The two main headings in this chapter are “The Methods of Application of Selective Organic Reagents, ” and “Some Important Organic Metal Reagents,” the latter including phenanthroline and its related compounds, oximes, flavones, dithiocarbamates and arsonic acids. Chapter 3 has about the same number of pages as each of the other two chapters, and includes Summarising Tables (e.g., an alphabetical list of organic reagents with supporting details, and a similar list in which the metals appear first), References (496), Author Index and Subject Index. Dr. Burger is Professor of Inorganic and AnalyticaJ Chemistry at the L. Eovos University in Budapest, and this book is an English translation of his 1969 Hungarian publication, supple- mented by several recent references and published procedures.While the potential value of this monograph should not be underrated, current trends in, for example, instrumental methods for determining trace amounts of metals may mean that authoritative publications such as this are likely to have the greatest appeal to research workers in the more conventional fields of analysis. W. T. ELWELL PARAMAGNETIC LANTHANIDE SHIFT REAGENTS IN NMR SPECTROSCOPY : PRINCIPLES, METHODO- LOGY AND APPLICATIONS. By J. REUBEN. Progress in hruclear Magnetic Resonance Spectro- scopy, Volume 9, Part 1. Pp. viii + 70. Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydney and Braun- schweig: Pergamon Press. 1973. Price fl2. Most failures to obtain the expected information arise when chemical shifts are so small that lines overlap and the spin - spin coupling pattern has complex second-order features.This has resulted in the continual progress to higher frequencies with instruments such as the expensive 220-MHz spectro- meters with superconducting magnets. In 1969, C. C. Hinkley realised that the addition of para- magnetic rare earth complexes (often called shift reagents) to a solution could usually increase chemical shifts, and the idea has proved so simple and practical that over 200 papers on organic applications appeared in the next 3 years. A card-index file on these has been essentially incor- porated into the main section of the book. Since the style is that of the less happy features of annual reports and the interest of individual papers relates to specific organic compounds rather than to the technique, the outcome is decidedly stodgy.A typical reagent is Eu(fod),, where (fod) stands for the anion of the enol form of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3- heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyloctane-4,6-dione. The mode of action appears to be to form complexes with the molecules of interest and the size and magnitude of the shift depend on the stability of the complex and the dominance of contact or pseudo-contact features. The stability question is covered in this text, but the rather difficult contact and pseudo-contact features, each of which can lead to shifts of either sign, are quoted rather than discussed. This is a pity as already, apparently, wrong deductions have been made by those who overlook the (3 cos2 19 - 1) angular term in the pseudo-contact shift or make other assumptions such as a ligand-independent g-factor anisotropy. Some mention of distance determination is made, but its reliability is not discussed. Also, it seems, the enhanced chemical shifts may make difficult quantitative analyses by nuclear magnetic resonance rather easier. To summarise, this book is valuable as being the chief review to date in English, but for anyone who hoped for a critical review and a clear explanation of the more theoretical features of lanthanide shift reagents, it is something of a disappointment. Nuclear magnetic resonance and its many abilities are by now well known. D. H. WHIFFEN