Characterisation of proton-exchange slab optical waveguides in x-cut LiNbO3
作者:
K.K.Wong,
A.C.G.Nutt,
D.F.Clark,
P.J.R.Laybourn,
R.M.De La Rue,
J.Winfield,
期刊:
IEE Proceedings J (Optoelectronics)
(IET Available online 1986)
卷期:
Volume 133,
issue 2
页码: 113-117
年代: 1986
DOI:10.1049/ip-j.1986.0016
出版商: IEE
数据来源: IET
摘要:
The paper reports on a systematic study of planar optical waveguides in X-cut LiNbO3fabricated by the proton-exchange technique. The extent of the exchange process was monitored by measuring the infrared absorption peak at 3510 cm−1. It was established that the waveguide profile could be accurately modelled by a step index change with Δn= 0.127 at λ0= 632.8 nm and Δn= 0.096 at λ0= 1150 nm. From the mode effective refractive index measurements, the effective diffusion coefficients for the exchange process were calculated. A value for the activation energy for the proton-exchange process was established. The effect of off-Y-axis propagation on the mode effective indices of the waveguide was studied. A waveguide mode cutoff at 29° from the C-axis was established. The lowest optical losses measured in single-mode planar waveguides were 1.4 dB/cm at λ0= 632.8 nm and 1.3 dB/cm at λ0= 1150 nm for light propagating normal to the C-axis.
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