Disturbingly low survival rates after CPR prompted us to carry out a series of studies. Of 272 patients receiving CPR at our 600-bed community hospital in 1984,102 (37.5%) patients survived initial resuscitation and 30 (11%) survived their hospitalization. Of the 102 initial survivors, only 15 patients had received full CPR including cardiac compression and/or defibrillation, endotracheal intubation, and cardiotonic drugs. These data were compared with those for 129 patients admitted to our critical care units in 1982 and 1983 in whom CPR was withheld. These patients had been designated “No CPR” primarily because of their poor response to therapy. There was an 11% survival rate for patients who had received CPR compared to a 16% survival rate for the “No CPR” group. These data suggest that criteria for administering CPR to hospitalized patients should be improved.