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Trans‐substitution and equilibration of phenols: Part I. Trans‐t‐butylation of phenols in the presence of aluminum phenoxide type catalysts

 

作者: F.R.J. Willemse,   J. Wolters,   E.C. Kooyman,  

 

期刊: Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays‐Bas  (WILEY Available online 1971)
卷期: Volume 90, issue 1  

页码: 5-13

 

ISSN:0165-0513

 

年代: 1971

 

DOI:10.1002/recl.19710900102

 

出版商: WILEY‐VCH Verlag

 

数据来源: WILEY

 

摘要:

AbstractPhenols containing a freeortho‐position can be alkylated byortho‐t‐butyl‐phenols in the presence of catalytic amounts of aluminium phenoxide at temperatures between about 120° and 170°.Using 2‐t‐butylphenol, 2,6‐di‐t‐butyl‐phenol or ‐p‐cresol as the alkylating agent, trans‐t‐butylations were carried out with the following phenolic acceptors: phenol,o‐,m‐,p‐cresol,p‐Br‐,p‐Cl‐,p‐F‐,p‐CH3O‐,p‐t‐Bu‐,p‐isoPr‐, andp‐Et‐phenol. Higher rates were observed for the more acidic phenols.The above mentioned reactions lead to equilibria of the type: 2,6‐di‐t‐butyl‐p‐Z‐C6H2OH +p‐Z‐C6H4OH ⇄ 2 2‐t‐butyl‐p‐Z‐C6H3OHThe equilibrium constant for this reaction is about 24 and independent of the substituent in the phenolic nucleus.For Z = CH3the energy of activation has the value 36 (± 3) kcal/mole.When the 3, 4 and 5 positions are unoccupied, a slowortho‐paraisomerization takes place along withortho‐trans‐t‐butylation.The equilibrium between 2‐t‐butylphenol and 4‐t‐butylphenol lies far towards the thermodynamically more stablepara‐isomer, theortho‐isomer however is kinetically more favourable.Meta‐isomers are formed under these conditions to a small extent and only after long reaction times.At temperatures above 140° some dealk

 

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