Studies on rodents in eight crop seasons of 4 years in the rocky and piedmont habitats of the Indian desert revealed a predominance of gerbils over murids and sclurids.Meriones hurrianaeJerdon was the predominant rodent followed byTatera indica indicaHardwicke. In the summer season,M. hurrianaewas collected in highest relative abundance, whereasT. indicawas predominant during winter months. The small mammal fauna in summer was more diversified (12 species) than in the winter season (eight species).Funambulus pennantiWroughton,Rattus meltada pallidior(Ryley) andT. indicainfested rocky and piedmont habitats in higher numbers in winter season, whereasRattus gleadowi(Murray),Gerbillus nanus indus(Thomas),Mus platythrix sadhu(Bennett),Rattus rattus rufescensGray,Golunda ellioti gujeratiThomas,M. hurrianaeandSuncus murinus sindensisAnderson were represented in higher numbers in summer months. Prevalence of pregnancy among rodents ranged from 31.25 to 75.0%. The mean number of implanted embryos per pregnant female varied from 2.0 to 6.5. Zinc phosphide (2%) treatment provided about 88% rodent control success, ranging from 80 to 100% for different rodent species.