Eleven species (including 18 samples) of the genusPyrenariacomplex, i.e.,Pyrenaria, TutcheriaandPampyrenariain the Camellioideae of the family Theaceae, were karyomorphologically investigated. Features common to all the species investigated include: (1) the simple chromocenter type of the interphasenuclei; (2) the chromosome number of 2n=30 and (3) the small chromosomes with the gradually decreased sizes. The basic chromosome number of x=15 is confirmed for all taxa. All species investigated are diploid. Only a few unimportant karyomorphological differences were found among these taxa, such as the variation of the number of the median, the submedian and the subterminal centromeric chromosomes, the mean arm ratio, the ratio of the longest chromosome length shortest chromosome length, and the karyotype asymmetry. These differences show no correlation with the morphological variation and the taxonomic circumscriptions of these taxa. Karyomorphological data provides further evidence for merging Tutcheria and Parapyrenaria into and establishing the genusPyrenariain its broad sense (Pyrenaria s.l.). Moreover, karyomorphological data suggest that Pyrenaria s.l. might have a close affinity with and is more primitive thanCamellia.